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Mexico Gains its Independence
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Period: to
50 Changes of Government
Liberals vs. Conservatives
Liberals: separate church and state, rights of social classes and gender, minoriy rights for indigenous population, democracy
Conservatives: more centralized, church had control, support higher classes -
Emperor Agustin de Iturbide
He was proclaimed emperor after leading the Mexicans to victory and becoming independent. -
Santa Anna became president
Antonio López de Santa Anna assumed presidency and declared himself president for the next 20 years. -
Texas Independence
US admits Texas into the Union. One year later, the US Army will invade Mexico City.
Beginning of Mexican-American War -
Battle of Chapultepec
The Niños Héroes died defending the Castle of Chapultepec when it was being taken by the US. Mexican-American War -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Santa Anna signed the treaty to stop the war, he sold more than half of the Mexican territory including all of present day Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Texas, New Mexico, and California.
Santa Anna is exiled and Benito Juárez replaces him
End of Mexican-American War -
Constitution-Federal Republic
The liberals fought for a Federal Republic which was granted in this constitution.
Under Benito Juárez.
-Separate country into states
-Powers are split up into judicial, legislative, and executive. -
Benito Juárez is President
Benito Juárez, a Zapotec Indian from Oaxaca, became president. -
War of Reform - Liberals vs. Conservatives
Liberals vs. Conservatives fought a 3 year civil war.
The Reform Laws, which made all Church land and buildings the property of the State.
The laws reduced the power and influence of the Catholic Church. -
Mexico defeated the French
French arrived in Veracruz and marched to Mexico City.
Mexican forces under the command of Ignacio Zaragoza defeated the French in Puebla.
Liberals were later defeated and French took possession of Mexico City. -
French Intervention
French came to Mexico because they couldn't repay the debt to Spain, England, and France. Armies were sent to Mexico to obtain payment by force.
France stayed while England and and Spain left. The French imposed a monarchy in Mexico.
U.S. could not fight against the French because they were in civil war. Slavery abolished vs. slavery -
Emperor Maximilian of Hapsburg
Napoleon sent Maximilian and his wife Charlotte to be emperors of Mexico. -
Juarez's return to Mexico
After being forced to leave and establishing his government in the north of Mexico, returned to become president for 10 more years after the execution of Emperor Maximilian. -
Maximilian surrendered
Liberals vs. Maximilian. He was executed and Juárez returned -
Period: to
Porfiriato
Díaz didn't want Juárez to be reelected.
Wanted to modernize (copying Europe Model), train, banks, mining companies, telecommunications, etc. BY USING FORCE Brought foreign influences to Mexico.