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Election year when anti-Díaz forces coalesced against his re-election
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Díaz runs for reelection but when Francisco Madero enters the race he has Madero put in jail and he wins the election.
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(October) Madero escapes to San Antonio, TX, where he drafts the Plan of San Luis Potosí that calls for the overthrow of the Díaz regime.
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The Revolution begins with insurrections in several states in northern Mexico; over the next decade thousands of Mexicans flee to El Paso and the U.S.
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Madero wins election to the Mexican presidency.
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Madero’s troops, under the direction of Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Pascual Orozco, attack federal troops in Ciudad Juárez as hundreds of bystanders watch from rooftops and train cars; this Battle of Juárez lasts for three days.
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Having lost in Juárez, Díaz resigns and flees to Paris, France
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Emiliano Zapata drafts the Plan of Ayala that denounces Madero, recognizes Orozco as the leader of the Revolution, and calls for land reform
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Orozco breaks his alliance with Madero, who assigns Villa and Victoriano Huerta to combat Orozco’s rebels in the north.
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Huerta joins with Felix Díaz (Porfirio’s nephew) and Bernardo Reyes in planning a coup against Madero.
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During ten tragic days (“La Decena Trágica”) in Mexico City, the forces of Huerta, Díaz, and Reyes attack Madero’s army
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Huerta assumed the presidency.
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Madero, his brother, and his vice president are killed.
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Venustiano Carranza drafts a Plan of Guadalupe that accuses Huerta of restoring a dictatorship and committing treason; Carranza calls for a return to the values of the Constitution of 1857 and his supporters are called Constitutionalists.
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U.S. president Woodrow Wilson sends troops to occupy Veracruz, Mexico
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Villa’s forces defeat Huerta’s forces in Zacatecas and Hurta resigns
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Villa and Zapata break from Carranza and continue to challenge him
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Carranza flees to Veracruz, where he negotiates the removal of U.S. troops
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The U.S. recognizes Carranza as Mexico’s president
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Mariano Azuela writes Los de abajo (The Underdogs), the first novel about the revolution, in an adobe home in El Paso.
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Carranza’s supporters, under the direction of Álvaro Obregón, defeat Villa at the Battle of Celaya
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U.S. General John J. Pershing leads 10,000 soldiers into Mexico in a “Punitive Expedition” that fails to capture Villa.
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Anglo residents in El Paso attack Mexicans in a race riot
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Zimmermann note deciphered and published
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A new Mexican Constitution is drafted and Carranza is elected president.
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Zapata assassinated by order of Carranza
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Villa is defeated at the last Battle of Juárez; Zapata is assassinated at Chinamecca.
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Obregón is elected president of Mexico.
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Carranza is murdered
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The Syndicate of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors founded
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Pancho Villa assassinated by order of Obregón
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August Bucareli Agreement signed
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De la Huerta revolt
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Calles elected president
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Siqueiros painted his murals The Myths and Burial of a Martyred Worker at the National Preparatory School
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Calles introduced laws which restricted the Catholic Church
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cristero rebellion took place
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Obregón is assassinated
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Calles created the National Revolutionary Party (PNR)
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Cárdenas elected president
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President Cárdenas nationalized the petroleum industry
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PNR transformed into Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM)
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Cedillo Rebellion began and lasted until January 1939
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US Good Neighbor Policy instituted by President Roosevelt
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Trotsky murdered in Mexico City Ávila Camacho became president