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Start of the Medieval Era
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Period of time dominated by divine and cosmic music.
Most music was controlled by the Catholic Church.
Mostly plainchant. Monophonic, non-metrical and modal. -
Important Roman music theorist who wrote "De Instituione Musica" meaning "The Fundamentals of Music" in the early 500s
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Reorganized and cataloged Gregorian chants
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Credited with inventing the first staff which used a red line for F and a yellow line for C
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We believe he was a poet, priest and composer
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Began to compose liturgical poetry and music in the 1140s.
In 1150 she began to collect the manuscripts of her many works for use in the convent.
Founder and abbess of the convent at Rupertsberg, Germany.
Famous for her prophetic powers and revelations.
Wrote liturgical dramas and religious poetry.
First female composer to receive extensive scholarly research. -
Famous troubadour with the most music still in existence.
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"Magnus Liber," collection of organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame
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Morality play by Hildegard. Genre she invented. Notable piece "Alleluia, O virga mediatrix"
PLainchant from the Mass Proper -
Killed in battle serving his patron
Wrote at least 35 poems; 7 survive with music -
wrote the earliest surviving minnesinger melody
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Master of discant organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Wrote 3 and 4 voice organum
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Famous female troubadour who composed the only surviving melody by a female troubadour.
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Monk at Arras who wrote in several genres and forms
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One of the last Trouveres. Used polyphony
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Known as the "Inventor of New Art."
Established new tradition of mensural notation -
First composer of the Ars Nova
Describes the Ars nova in the first half of the 14th century -
Most famous composer and poet of the time
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"Mass of Notre Dame" leading composer and poet or Ars Nova.
Machaut’s Puis qu’en oubli "Since I am forgotten" -
New rhythmic polyphony in the motets
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Most celebrated musical personalities of the Treccento. Instrument maker and known for his cadences and virtuoso organist.
Ecco la primavera "Here is Spring" -
killed millions
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Famous Renaissance artist who crafted the Bronze Statue of David
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Used more 3rds and 6ths in his music resulting in triads.
Influential across Europe. Complete works not published until 1953.
Puisque M’Amour attributed to him by 2 separate sources (Rondeau for 3 voices) -
First Renaissance composer. Used older medieval cadences
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Very famous during this period. A low bass
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Shift from a focus on God and religion to a focus on human beings and nature.
Chants begin to paraphrase. More about beauty than function. More parts were added. -
Composer and music theorist who wrote about contemporary music.
Wrote around 1470 that the “fountain and origin” of what was thought at the time as distinctly new musical style “lies with the English, whose leading master was Dunstable. -
Painted The Birth of Venus, 1485-86
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Most revered Renaissance composer.
Pange lingua Mass (c.1510)
Part of the Sforza family in Milan from 1484-89.
Served as Maestro di cappella to Duke Ercole I d’Este in Ferrara, Italy in 1503.
So popular that many tried to pass off their own work as his. -
prolific German composer. Court composer to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in Vienna
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Renaissance artist.
Painted the "Mona Lisa" and “The Annunciation” -
Leading composer in the Burgundian court. Frequent use of canon and ostinato
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Made important contributions to large scale forms of unity. Composer of Masses
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Dutch scholar and philosopher
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Sculpted “Pieta,” 1499
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Painted “Madonna della Tenda” 1514
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German religious reformer and composer. Founder of the Lutheran Church
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Painted "The Three Ages of Men"
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Father of text expression. complex and continuous polyphony. Worked at St. Mark's Cathedral
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Frottola becomes the dominant music.
Usually 4 solo voices, light-hearted and homorhythmic -
One of the most important early music publishers.
Came up with the style of printing where the staff and the notes could be printed at the same time.
Published 11 volumes of frottola. -
English composer who wrote a 40-voice part motet
"Spem in Alium" -
One of the earliest Italian madrigal composers.
Composed over 250 madrigals, 125 French chansons, and sacred music. 3 7-voice masses, often homorrhythmic -
Famous for composing Italian madrigals
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Martin Luther inspires religious change through Europe
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Most prolific composer of the Renaissance.
Composed the most madrigals, mixed polyphony and homophony -
Most famous composer from the Renaissance.
Awarded the most fame after death.
Pope Marcellus Mass (1562) is a good example of High Renaissance style.
First and strongest example of music approved by the Council of Trent -
Painted "The Allegory of Wisdom and Strength” 1580 Almost in a Baroque style
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Medgirgals become the dominant style. (known as Chansons in France).
Italian Madrigals were more serious poetry and music.
English madrigals used nonsense syllables, was the last to develop -
Ranks with Palestrina and Josquin. Over 200 composition in all languages. One of the most versatile composers
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Italian organist, composer, teacher
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Leader of the Florentine Camerata. Italian critic, composer, poet and playwright
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Served the Dukes of Manuta and Parma. Text declamation was important to him. Wrote madrigals for the Concerto della donne.
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Important Catholic English composer working in Protestant England. Greatest English composer of his time. 3 extant masses and lots of protestant music.
“Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde” -
Meeting as a counter to Martin Luther in an attempt to keep the Catholic Church relevant. Redefined music guidelines for church composers.
Wanted all words clearly sung and anything secular removed from the church. -
Continues Palestrina's style in Spain. Sacred music composer. Greatest Spanish composer of the Renaissance.
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Leading Madrigal composer of the late 16th century. Influenced the English Madgrigal
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The leading composer of instrumental ensemble music in the late Renaissance.
Took the position of organist at St. Mark’s Cathedral in Venice in 1585.
One of the first to indicate intended instruments and dynamics. -
Famous for composing English madrigals
"Now if the Month of Maying." Contributed to the development of the English Madrigal. important for music publication and printing. "A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke" -
Known for Chromaticism. Leading composer of madrigals of his time. Extreme expressive intensity
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Renaissance playwright. Works used music and heavily influenced musical change during this period
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Famous scientist
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Wrote in Baroque and Renaissance.
Madrigals and Operas -
English composer and organist who lived in London and Dublin.
Known for clever word painting and the English madrigal -
Famous for composing English madrigals. English organist
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From Gabrieli's Sacred Symphonies.
Practices "Cori Spezzati” - the practice of breaking up a choir into multiple separate choirs for one piece. -
Composed by John Farmer.
4 solo voices and word painting.