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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict in between the major powers in Europe. The belligerents attacked each other and the each others' colonies too. In North America, the British and French were fighting for control of North America. After seven years of fighting, the British eventually defeated the French at the Plains of Abrahams outside of Quebec. The British then captured Quebec. The French then retreated to Montreal and the French eventually surrendered. -
Fall of Louisbourg
Louisbourg was a heavily fortified fort built by the French to defend the St. Lawrence River. After the fall of Louisbourg, Quebec and Montreal was vulnerable to attack if the British sent ships down the river to attack them. -
Battle of Beauport
The British sent an attacking force of 4,000 troops down the St. Lawrence River. The British attacked the shores of Beauport because the land there was gently sloping and was only 5 kilometers away from Quebec. French general Montcalm, put a large garrison at Beauport and when the British landed, they were riddled with bullets and they took heavy casualties. The British lost about 440 men and the attack was repulsed. -
Beauport Feint
The British tried to make the French believe that they were going to attack Beauport again so that the French would send more troops there while the British were going to attack from somewhere else instead. The French fell for their trick and the French sent more troops to defend the shore while they could have been guarding other areas from the British. -
Plains of Abraham
The British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and left control of Quebec to the British. The British used their "thin red line" stategy and within 30 minutes the battle was over. Both sides' commanders were killed. -
Articles of Capitulation of Quebec
The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec were agreed upon between Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, King's Lieutenant, Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, and General George Townshend on behalf the French and British crowns during the Seven Years' War. All 11 demands were granted by the British such as the honours of war, free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion and protection of the inhabitants and their properties. -
Articles of Capitulation of Montreal
The British had prevented relief ships from arriving to Quebec and armies were marching form 3 sides towards Quebec. Due to this, the governor general of Montreal negotiated a surrender. The Articles of Capitulation of Montreal were agreed upon between the Governor General of New France, Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, and Major-General Jeffrey Amherst on behalf of the French and British crowns. There were 55 articles and most were granted by the British. -
Signing of the Treaty of Paris
The French and other belligerents signed the treaty ending the Seven Years' War. -
The "Stick" Approach
After defeating the French the British could have treated the Canadiens harshly and imposed strict laws to prevent them from rebelling. This was the "stick" approach. -
The "Carrot" Approach
The "carrot"approach was to treat the Canadiens fairly so that they would support the British and not rebel. -
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
The British had realized that they would need to make peace with the First Nations. Therefore the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King GeorgeIII and it states that the British controlled all of France's territories in the region, the boundaries of Quebec were confined to the area around the St. Lawrence River, the rest of the French land were for natives, French law would be replaced by British civil law and that anyone trading in First Nations must have a licence from the Crown. -
Sugar Acts
The Sugar Act was one of the first taxes placed on Britain's colonies to pay for the expenses of the Seven Years' War and the expenses for defending its colonies. The tax was imposed on a few things such as sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico. -
Quartering Acts
The act was imposed to save the British Crown money since it stated that American colonists needed to provide the British soldiers stationed in their towns with shelter, food and drink if it is required. -
Stamp Acts
The Stamp Act was another tax imposed by the British on their colonies and it required colonists to buy and place stamps on certain documents such as legal documents, ship’s papers, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, advertisements, bills of sale, almanacs, calendars, any kind of declarations, pleas to courts, donations, testimonials, and diplomas and certificates of university, college, seminary or academy of learning. -
Declaratory Act
The act declared that the British parliament had equal authority in North America as in Britain and it stated that Britain had the authority to parliament to tax the colonists if they needed to. -
Townshend Act
The tax was imposed to help Britain pay up for the cost of the Seven Years' War and it imposed taxes on wine, fruits, white and green glass, red and white lead, painter’s colors, paper and pasteboard. -
Tea Act
This act gave the British East India Company the exclusive right to sell tea to the 13 colonies directly so it had a monopoly. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a direct action taken by the colonists in Boston. After officials in Boston refused to return 3 ships of taxed tea to Britain, colonists came aboard the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbour. They destroyed the tea because they thought that the British violated their right of only being taxed by representatives voted by them.This was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution. -
Coercive Acts
The Coercive Acts were 5 acts designed to punish the colonists of Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party and the most important of the 5 was that it shut down the port of Boston until the East India Company was repaid for the tea destroyed during the Boston Tea Party. -
The Quebec Act
The Quebec Act allowed Quebec's boundary to be increased and Roman Catholics were allowed to participate in the government.Quebec's territory was expanded to parts of Indian Reserve, most of what is southern Ontario, plus Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, and par The Quebec Act also changed the British civil law in Quebec to French civil law so the seigneurial system was legal again.The oath of alligiance was replaced with one that no longer was related to the Protestant religion.
