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Plato writes Meno.
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Plato discusses if virtue can be taught and what it is.
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Plato writes of the allegory of the cave.
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Plato writes book VII, The Republic, an explanation of how humans are educated.
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Taxonomy emerged.
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Pascal develops the Pascaline, capable of adding and subtracting.
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Bishop James Ussher used a combination of biblical chronology, historical accounts, and astronomical cycles to estimate that 4004 B.C. was the date of creation. This date was added to English translations of the Bible for the next 200 years.
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Pascal and Fermat created the concept of expected value.
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Carl Linnaeus introduced his system of organizing living things.
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In his book, Telliamed (published 10 years after his death), Benoit de Maillet estimated that the age of the Earth was 2 billion years old based on sea level decline.
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In his book, Les époques de la nature, Buffon estimated that the age of the Earth was 75,000 years old (based on the cooling properties of iron).
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Microbiologists began naming species.
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Sir Charles Lyell in Principles of Geology claimed that the thought process behind aging the Earth was wrong. He introduced the idea of uniformitarianism, the act of the Earth progressing as it does today, with no catastrophic event occurring.
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Charles Darwin claims that species are indefinable since they haven’t been fixed since creation.
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The RAND corporation began analyzing defense applications of game theory.
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The RAND corporation came up with the prisoner dilemma.
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