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By Scarlett Dunk
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During the middle of the 1500’s America needed more workers to work on their crops. This included sugar and tobacco, to be resent to European countries. The only solution was to force African people, to America to be sold as slaves. Between the 1500’s and late 1800’s about 11 million African slaves, were forcibly transported to America.
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By 1640 many African slaves worked in the British Caribbean on sugar crops.
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During 1660 the American colonies invented laws, specifically for the slaves. One of the most important rules was that slaves’ daughters, must do the same occupation as their mothers. This rule was created so that the slavery population would increase.
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During the middle of the 1700s in Britain, jobs were difficult to obtain because of the agricultural and industrial revolution. With the introduction of modern machinery, huge factories were opening in the cities. Therefore many small companies in country areas, such as spinning and weaving closed down.
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This lead to unemployment in the country, and many focused
on stealing to survive. To control the thieves they received transportation sentences, between seven years and life. They were known as convicts. Convicts departed to another country’s colony while in prison. People believed that the cities needy
were criminal, therefore they felt fearful. -
During the 1750’s the slave trade was a money making triangular trade. Most of the British travelled in ships from Europe, to deliver processed materials such as cotton to Africa. In return the British received African people, that became slaves and were sold to America. African slaves spent their lives wearing chains.
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During the 1750’s the slave trade was a money making triangular trade. Most of the British travelled in ships from Europe, to deliver processed materials such as cotton to Africa. The British then received African people, that became slaves and were sold to America.
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On the 31 January 1762 Lachlan Macquarie was born, on the island named Ulva in Scotland.
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Large numbers of convicts were transported to America, to join the colonies. By 1770 about 10,000 convicts were deported to America each year, and were employed to work on farms.
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During 1775 the American Revolution War started, and the convicts were denied access to the country. Afterwards the convicts started being transported to Australia, to create new colonies. The convicts travelled to New South Wales, Norfolk Island and Western Australia.
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During 1810 the New South Wales crops ended. So New South Wales needed a new Governor and Lachlan Macquarie was the best choice. In the colony Macquarie built many churches and schools, because he strongly believed in religion and education. Lachlan created a Sydney colony, and invented the country’s currency. Which was known as the holey dollar and the dump.
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During 1821 Lachlan created a town plan, which showed his recommendations for the future. To create new settlement and agriculture, the emancipists were going inland. With the support of agriculture, the country could become self-sustainable. Every area of the colony that Lachlan discovered, was named after his relatives. At least once a year Macquarie travelled around the colony, to recognise any concerns or needs for improvement.
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Macquarie was well known by the convicts as being fair. While he was governor many convicts received pardons, conditional pardons and tickets-of-leave. The settlers disagreed with the governor’s generosity, because they argued that the settlers were criminals. However Macquarie believed that emancipists deserved the right to be treated like normal citizens.
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Sometime during 1821 Lachlan Macquarie stopped being governor of New South Wales. Macquarie’s short term effect was that he created a colony that could survive from its agriculture. The long term effect is that there’d be more emancipists in the colony instead of convicts.
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During the middle of the 1800’s there were enough convicts, and emancipists in Australia. Therefore convict transportation ended. The last convict ships arrived in Western Australia during 1868. The number of convicts transported to Australia was 162,000, and 806 ships had been used.
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The short term effect was that colonies started to be created in Australia, instead of America.The long term effect was that Australia developed into a large colony. While still being able to provide people with jobs.
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By 1888 many countries banned the slave trade, this included America, Britain and Spain.
