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The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras.
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was an Italian composer, string player and choirmaster. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and the Baroque periods of music history.
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was a musician from the Duchy of Ferrara, in what is now northern Italy. He was one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods.
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Isabel I of England dies without children. His heir is James I, until 1625 the son of his cousin Maria Stuart, former queen of Scotland, whom she herself ordered beheaded for treason.
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English Revolution Carlos I is executed in 1649 for being considered a tyrant by Parliament and Cromwell leads a civil war that attempts to establish a Commonwealth in 1650.
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Newton discovers gravity in 1678. Together with Leibnitz they invent calculus: the mathematical study of movement.
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The Austrian Minors rule in Spain (Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II). Decadence of Spain, especially from the peace of Westphalia. The dynasty ends in 1700 and the Bourbons begin to rule.