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Emergent Literacy
A phrase, first used by Marie Clay, that says that for children to acquire literacy skills (reading, writing, speaking) before attending school and that literacy development begins early in life and continues -
John Dewey
His beliefs lead to Progressive Education or child-centered curriculum. He believed that Social interaction encourages learning and children's interest are the ways for students to learn information and skills. -
Jean Piaget
Believed that children acquire knowledge by interacting with the world and are active participants in learning. Had 4 stages of cognitive development; Sensorimotor (age 0-2), Pre-Operational (age 2-7), Concrete Operational (age 7-11), and formal Operational (age 11+). -
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Whole-Language Instruction
A way of instruction from the mid-1980s that said literacy should be child-centered to be meaningful, relevant, and functional. Was designed to cater to the student's individual needs when teaching literacy -
No Child Left Behind Act
Signed by President Bush and reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Required State testing in reading and math in grades 3-8 and grades 10-12. Also, teachers now must be "highly qualified" or have a bachelor's degree and certification -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Was the first time that all students are taught to standards that prepare students for college and careers. It required states to measure performance in reading, math, and science.