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The whole language approach focuses on meaning-making connections and context clues to see the word and its appearance to understand the word rather than the sounds it makes when breaking it up.
https://www.lexialearning.com/blog/the-science-of-reading-vs-balanced-literacy-the-history-of-the-reading-wars -
Vygotsky was a sociocultural theorist who focused and emphasized that language is a critical tool for social interaction and vise versa. He felt that socializing with peers can improve language development in students.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html -
Phonics focuses on the letters and the sounds of a word. Students learn the sounds and letter blends that make up words, then put it together to understand the word as a whole.
https://www.lexialearning.com/blog/the-science-of-reading-vs-balanced-literacy-the-history-of-the-reading-wars -
By Lyndon B. Johnson, this law supported federal funding to low income, poverty stricken students, and migrant students to go to school and promote literacy education.
https://infogram.com/us-education-timeline-1h7j4dvm781vv4n -
Clay discovered that children can gain knowledge for reading skills before they enter school. She felt that it started as early as birth. Working with babies by saying different sounds, working with letter knowledge, and engaging with books can develop their literacy skills very early on in their lives.
https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/education/emergent-literacy -
This act declared that all children, regardless of their sex, race, cultural background, color, or nationality are entitled to educational opportunities, thus beginning to close the opportunity gap. This required English learners to get adequate education as well.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/august-21/equal-educational-opportunities-act-1974-signed-into-law-nixon