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ADOBE
Shelter for Indians was made from clay-like mud hardened into houses. Adobe was a very special form of protection from enemies, preditors, and weather -
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Migrate
A movement from one settlement to another. Very significant as puritans moved from old to new world. -
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Iroquois
A native tribe that lived in eastern wooldlands of america, -
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Renaissance
Period of time in England that focused on the individuality. Caused roman catholic church lost much of its power and influence. -
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Prince Henry the Navigatpr
retained title bc he funded portuguese ships to find the indies. -
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CHristopher Columbus
credited for the discovery of the americas. unintentionally discovered america while attempting to find alternate route to the indies -
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Conquistador
a person that has led the conquering of several foreign lands -
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alien and sedation acts
4 bills passed by the federalists and signed int law by president adams. results of the french revolution -
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war hawks
used in politics to described politicians who were strong advocates for war. orginated from war of 1812 supporters. -
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marbury vs madison
us supreme court case in which the basis for judicial review was established -
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bicameral legislature
government involving two legislative houses. system used by both britains and americans -
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Cabinet
A group of officials chosen by the president to assist them in decision making -
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alexander hamilton
The first secretary of war chosen to be a part of the first cabinet by geroge washington for the US -
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tariff
tariffs were implemented after the end of the war to rebuild the US economy and pay of revolutionary war debts -
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john jay
First supreme court cheif of justice. implemented the john jay treaty regarding western territories. -
loose constitution
broad interpretation of a statute or court document -
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strict construction
thomas jefferson believed in follwing the constitution to a T and the National bank -
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new ordinance
freedom ordinance for the northwest territory of the ohio river. peace compact between the 13 colonies and the natives within that territory -
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whiskey rebellion
a US tax protest by farmers rejecting the tariff reforms -
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popular sovereignty
used to settle disputes when determining a state as slave or free -
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underground railroad
path taken by slaves to escape to the North from south. led by harriet tubman -
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harriet beecher stowe
author of uncle toms cabin and abolitionist -
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dred scott
runaway slave who escaped into freedom then sent back after being declared by federal law that he was not an american citizen and therefore did not have the right to be free -
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treaty of ghent
peace treaty designed to end the war of 1812 bewtween us and britain -
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hartford convention
meeting where federalists discussed political problems concerning the end of the war of 1812 -
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harper's ferry
west virgininian town in whcih famous battle where lee attempted to capture the unions vital garrison and arsenal -
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wilmot proviso
document designed to eliminate slavery within the land of the west -
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confederate states of america
Southern america broke of from USA nd called themselves this -
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Battle of Fort Sumter
Charleston, South Carolina
confederates attack union ort
Major Rober Anderson - Union
General Beauregard - Confederates
80 Union v.s. 500 Confederates
after bombardment on fort from Charleston Harbor,
Union Major surrenders\
1 Inion Casualty - no confed.
South attacked when Lincoln was going to resupply
FIrst Civil War
Caused Northerners to last in Union
Made people realize the reality of the war. -
Anaconda PLan
Initial Civil War Strategy of the US army. rebellion by south in 1861.
Devised by General Winsfield Scotts
PART 1) block coast of south to prevent export of natural goods/ cash crops
PART 2) Divide south by controling mississippi river
PART 3)
PART 4)
used in...
battle of hampton roads
battle of shiloh
battle of antieam
capture of new orleans
-scott said take 60,000-80,000 men
-effectiveness
would have been more effective if used early in war -
1st Battle of Bull Run
Fairfax and Prince William County, Virgina
Battle = First Manassas by south (river)
Union forces we slow and south had time to arrive by rail
had about 18,000 poorly trained troops
RESULT
union attack therefore, Gen. Irving thought it would be real quick but was a disaster for union forces union loss
gen. McDowell didnt wish move gainst s .but polit. pressure made him.
CONTRIBUTIONS
1st major land battle of the civil war
proved southern worth in fight though north thought it would be easy defeat -
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Battle of Shiloh
took place in pittsburg landing
Union
Ulysses S. Grant - army of tennessee
30,000 men
don carlos buell, ohio army
Confederatebuell: about 50,000
13,000 casualties
Confederate
44,700 men
mississippi army
union caputred 2 forts in feb.
initial confederacy success
known as bloodiest battle of the civil war
union counterattacked and confederates retreated
UNION WIN -
Battle of Antietam
Antietam River in Maryland
McClellan vs Lee
lee baited mcclellan
union had a very defensive strategy
linear formations
union considered a victory however it was essentially a draw
minnie ball gun
12,000 union
10,300 confederates
set back south from invading the north
northern moral
immeadiatley following was the emmancipation procclimation -
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Battle of Fredricksburg
Largest and eadliest battles
first opposed river crossing
mccullen of union was supposed to attack southern lee's weak right flank
fredricksburg, Virginia
conferderate win
bad northern tactics
fought on confederate land -
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Chancellorsville
Cancellorsville, Virginia
Union
97,000 soldiers. 14,000 casualties
General Joseph Hooker
LOST
flanked Lee's Army and gave up higher ground.
evacuating hazel grove forfeited victory
CONFEDERATE
57,000 soldiers
10,000 casualties
robert E Lee.
stone wall jackson killed by friendly fire
WIN
expected north
lee crossed the Potomac, invaded maryland and penn.
south didnt benefit that much
north gen. hooker retired after losing replaced by gen. meade
lee split south and attacked north from both sides -
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battle of fort sumter
The battle was the bombardment/ surrender or the imperitent northern fort. under siege by southern general lee. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Sherman and Grant (Union) led march from west Virginia to coast of Virginia
62,000 men
South (Tennessee gen. Howard)
(georgia gen. slocum)
Union destroyed everything ($100 mil worth)
burning of homes and railroads
destroyed economy and moral
Lincoln did not endorse but trusted sherman
near the end of the war
sherman freed about 15,000 slaves along the way