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Brown v. Board of Education
A landmark case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled "separate cannot be equal." This specific case was in regards to a student's race. Although, it forced professionals to think about students with disabilities in this context. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Part of Linden B. Johnson's "War on Poverty," The elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided funding and thus programs for children with special needs. Specifically in lower income communities. -
Diana v. State Board of Education California
Diana, a Spanish speaking student being tested in English was recorded as having a below average IQ. This case filed in the United States Federal District Court of Northern California ruled that a student had the right to be tested in their native language. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. The commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Under the laws at the time Pennsylvania public schools could deny education to children age eight and above who were deemed to have not reached a mental age of five. PARC sued the state and won the right for students of any capacity to a public education. -
Mills v. The Board of Education
Filed in our Nation's capital. This court ruled that children with disabilities must be granted a public education regardless of the family or child's ability to pay for the education. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Building upon the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. This legislation administered funding to sates, and tasked them with implementing and improving services for students with disabilities. -
Education of the Handicapped Act
The Education of the Handicapped Act is the bedrock of today's special education legislation. Financing endeavors to locate children with handicaps who were not being provided an education. This legislation enforces itself by withholding funds for institutions who do not adhere to this law. The education of the Handicapped Act is still enforced today. -
Free Appropriate Public Education - Defined
Free Appropriate Public Education was initially outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, but the definition was set in stone for all students with and without disabilities alike in the 1982 lawsuit Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley. "It is considered met if the IEP, developed through the act's procedures, is reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefits. -
Expansion of Special Education Services
The 1975 Education of the Handicapped Act is expanded to include infants and toddlers. -
IDEA
Another reworking of the Education of the Handicapped Act gave it the name it has to this day, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA. This landmark education signed into law by George Bush Sr. this legislation outlined the need to help special education students into the world of higher education or vocational fields. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Reexamining IDEA the US congress dialed in on school accountability, and a higher quality of education. In an attempt to do so their emphases was on reading, early intervention, and highly trained special education instructors.
