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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
-Congress of Racial Equality: an organization founded in 1942 that was dedicated to civil rights reform through nonviolent action
-Founded in Chicago in 1942 by a group of student
- it went on to assist in the desegregation of many public facilities in the North and then turned its attention to the South in the late 1950s -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
color line:a barrier created by custom, law, and economic differences that separated whites from nonwhites
-Jackie Robinson was one of the greatest baseball players ever and not to mention he was black in an all white based community
in 1945 JR became a professional Dodgers baseball player -
Executive Order 9981
Executive Order 9981-an executive order issued by President Harry S. Truman in 1948 ending segregation in the military
-With this order, desegregation became official policy in the armed forces. -
Brown VS board of Education
Thurgood Marshall, argued for brown in the case
NAACP'S lawyer
linda Brown wanted to go to a white to her home.
case was argued in front of the warren court
-Result:Public schools became de-segeregated -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Rosa Parks refused to give u her seat at the front of the bus for a white man
-a 1955 boycott that resulted in the integration of Montgomery, Alabama's bus system
-To make the boycott work, African Americans in Montgomery organized an elaborate carpool system to get around town. Several thousand people used the carpools daily. Others walked, rode bicycles, took taxis, or hitchhiked. -
Integration of Central High School
-In 1957, a federal judge ordered public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, to begin desegregation
-On September 4, 1957, the day the nine students were to begin classes, the troops appeared at Central High as a show of force and to prevent the students from entering the building. One of the students, Elizabeth Eckford, recalled being surrounded by an angry white crowd outside the school -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
-The sit-ins and boycotts began to transform the segregated South and change the civil rights movement. College students took the lead in the sit-ins, and many became activists in the movement.In April -1960, Ella Baker, a leader with the SCLC, called a meeting of student civil rights activists in Raleigh, North Carolina. Although Baker herself was 55 years old and no longer a student, she believed it was important for students to organize and run their own organization. -
Freedom Rides
-civil rights protests in which blacks and whites rode interstate buses together in 1961 to test whether southern states were complying with the Supreme Court ruling against segregation on interstate transport
-On May 4, 1961, seven blacks and six whites boarded two buses in Washington, D.C., and headed south. When the first bus reached Anniston, Alabama, on May 14, a white mob attacked the Freedom Riders. -
Freedom Rides
-civil rights protests in which blacks and whites rode interstate buses together in 1961 to test whether southern states were complying with the Supreme Court ruling against segregation on interstate transport
-test whether southern states were complying with the ruling. -
The Birmingham campaign:letter from a birmingham
-In the early 1960s, Birmingham, Alabama, was a steel-mill town with a long history of bigotry. Martin Luther King Jr. called it the most segregated city in the country. As a result, the SCLC decided to focus its attention there in 1963.
-THe letter was from MLKJ about blacks need more rights NOW -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-a landmark act that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin; the most important civil rights law since Reconstruction
-banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin the most important civil rights law passed since Reconstruction. -
March on Washington
-Undeterred by the violence of Freedom Summer, activists continued their registration campaign. Early the following year, the SCLC began to register black voters in Selma, Alabama
-On March 7, 1965, the protesters began their walk. -
Watts Riot
-a 1965 race riot in Watts, a black ghetto in Los Angeles, caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment
-lasted for six long days -
Black Power Party Founded
Black power group of activisits that were not focused on nonviolent protesting
SNCC
Blacks and Nation of islam were influenced by the leaders Malcom X,Huey Newton,and booby steal
were okay with violence
wanted to make a change
developed a 10 point platform to acheive there goals -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-law that included a ban on discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex
-This law included a fair-housing component that banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals. It also gave the federal government the authority to file lawsuits against those who violated the law -
Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg board of education
desegregation:ending the separation of race
school and the black students who are being bussed to the school
bussing is a way for schools to desegregate -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-1978 Supreme Court ruling that narrowly upheld affirmative action, declaring that race may be one factor, but not the sole criterion, in school admissions
-After hearing arguments on both sides, the Court was left deeply divided. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote
-The act outlawed literacy tests and other tactics used to deny African Americans the right to voteThe act also called for the federal government to supervise voter registration in areas where less than half of voting-age citizens were registered to vote. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam-religious group, also known as the Black Muslims, that promoted complete separation from white society by establishing black businesses, schools, and communities
-black nationalism: a doctrine, promoted by the Nation of Islam, calling for complete separation from white society
