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Civil Disobedience
It is to privatize one's thoughts over the law. It was an essay made by Henry David Thoreau. It was made to criticize the American policy. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming was where slave owners would sell or rent their land to their former slaves. They would get a cut from they plants and/or get money. This was a way that slave owners could still take advantage of black people still. -
13th Amendment
It was adopted after the civil war ended. The government forbade slavery in America. They made it a "fix" on the constitution. -
14th Amendment
It declared that all people born in the US were officially US citizens. Though, this did not apply to Native Americans. Southern States had to sign off on it before they could go back into the US. -
15th Amendment
It was one of the three amendments that was made during the reconstruction era. It didn't stop "tests" that were made to limit voting. Black codes were then made for black people to not vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
The name Jim Crow came from a minstrel show character. It was made so then blacks and whites could have separate facilities. The black facilities were mostly in worse conditions. -
Black Codes
black codes were local laws that black people had to follow. It was in many southern cities. Black had to follow these laws even if they didn't know about them -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This trial was started by Homer Plessy refusing to sit in a car made for blacks. Plessy judge for this trial was John H. Ferguson with criminal charges.It was brought to the supreme court because it conflicted the 13th and 14th amendment and it was a 7-1 vote. -
19th Amendment
It was made to create equality of the sexes. Women could then vote after this amendment was made. All women, even of color, could vote. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall applied to the University of Maryland Law School but was denied because of his race. He became the Chief Counsel for the NAACP. Thurgood Marshall became appointed the U.S. Court of Appeals. -
20th Amendment
There are 6 sections to this amendment. The president should end his term on January 20th. The senators and representatives January 3rd. -
Federal Housing Authority
It is a US government agency. It was created form the National Housing Act. Its sets standards for loans and house building. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector P. Garcia was born in Mexico and raised in Texas. He served in WW2 and got his medical degrees. He saw the struggles of people and provided low cost treatments and founded the American GI Forum. -
Nonviolent Protest
Nonviolence was introduced by Thoreau and Gandi. It is the act of not fighting back. It was used a lot during the Civil Rights Movements. -
Desegregation
Desegregation is the end of segregation for all races. It showed first when the supreme court made a decision of the Brown v. Board of education. It was what civil rights activists wanted when protesting in the 50s through 60s. -
Brown v. Ferguson
Some students were denied access to go to a school for only whites. A parent of one of the kids took this to court. They won and the court said that separating the races for a public school was unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks
A woman who worked for the NAACP. The NAACP thought Rosa Parks would be a good candidate to refuse to give up her seat on a bus. She worked closely with MLK Jr. with the bus boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
It was started right after the event dealing with Rosa Parks. It was where people in Montgomery, Alabama refused to stop riding the buses. After the 381 days, the Supreme Court ordered Montgomery, Alabama to integrate their bus business. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
It was the first civil rights legislation since reconstruction. It protected voting rights. It also prevented the interference in voting. -
Orville Faubus
Orville Faubus was a position for Arkansas. He was for segregation. He also became the symbol for it when he called the National guards to stop the Little Rock 9 from entering the school. -
Sit-ins
Most of known sit-ins happened in Greensboro North Carolina. One of the most important was where 4 uni students sat at a whites only counter. They refused to leave until the place closed. -
George Wallace
He was the governor of Alabama. He was pro-segregation. He also ran for president 4 times. -
Affirmative Action
It was made from the Civil Rights movement. It was made for equal opportunities for minorities and women for education and getting jobs. President Kennedy was the first one to use this. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was the leader of the civil rights movement. He encouraged a nonviolent way of protesting and wanted equal rights for blacks. He was the youngest man to win the nobel piece prize. -
Betty Friedan
She wrote the book The Feminine Mystique. It told what women wanted outside of their traditional roles that were given to them. She also advanced women's rights by being one of the founders of the National Organization for Women. -
Lester Maddox
He was a politician in Georgia. He was a former restaurant owner who didn't serve blacks. He ran for governor even though he hadn't had a place in office before. -
24th Amendment
This amendment prevents Congress and the states from having a "poll" tax. It would stop people who didn't have a lot of money, mostly black people, from being able to vote. Mississippi, Alabama, and Virginia had poll tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This amendment stopped the segregation in public schools. It also stopped the discrimination of raw, sex, color and religion for employment. It was first introduced by John F. Kennedy. -
Upward Bound
It was made from the Economic Opportunity Act, It was made to provide support for students for college. It helps students from low income families. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
This was made so then segregation could not be allowed in the military. It desegregated it. That then allowed all the races to be allowed in the military. -
Head start
It is a program of the the US department of health and human services. It provides kids an education, health, nutrition, and involvement of parents. This is made for low income families. -
Cesar Chavez
cesar Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association. He was all for nonviolence. He got farm workers raises and improved their working conditions. -
Lynching
Lynching is killing someone for a crime they were accused of without trial or proven guilty. By the end of the civil war this changed the amount of the black population. There were about 5,000 documented lynchings from 1870-1940. -
26th Amendment
This amendment prohibited the government from denying to vote based on age. They changed the legal age from 21 to 18. Georgia was the first state to start this. -
Title IX (9)
This is a federal law that was created so then discrimination against sex was not allowed. Specifically for funded school programs or activity. It is so then the government can not fund discrimination.
