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Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas explores Panama for the first time.
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Panama gains independence from Spain.
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Panama signs treaty with US allowing it to build a railway across the isthmus. (Panama City Railroad)
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Panama splits from Colombia and becomes fully independent. US buys rights to build Panama Canal.
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Panama Canal Completed.
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General Omar Torrijos Herrera, the National Guard chief, overthrows the elected president and imposes a dictatorship.
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Former intelligence chief and one-time US Central Intelligence Agency informant Manuel Noriega becomes head of the National Guard, builds up the size of the force, which he renames the Panama Defence Forces, and greatly increases its power over Panama's political and economic life.
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Mireya Moscoso becomes Panama's first woman president.
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Torrijos dies in plane crash.
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Manuel Noriega was convicted to 40 years in prison.