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When Japan started expanding in Asia (taking over Manchuria etc) it created some tension with America. While Japan and America were trying to negotiate, Japan prepared for war. On December 7, 1941 Japanese bombers attacked Pearl Harbor.
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By the end of 1944 Japan still wouldn't surrender even though they were being bombed by American planes, so as a result the United States used a weapon they had never used before. They used an atomic bomb, and they dropped the first on August 6, 1945 in Hiroshima. They dropped the second(and larger one) in the city of Nagasaki.
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On September 2, 1945 the Japanese formally surrender to the United States aboard the United States battleship, Missouri, in Tokyo Bay.
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In 1945 the war between Japan and America ended. After it did, an American army lead by General Douglas A. MacArthur basically rules Japan. Japan was given a democratic constitution that ended the power of the military. The army and the navy were disbanded and the educational system was reformed along American lines.
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In september of 1951 Japan signed a peace treaty with most of the countries they had fought against and declared war on. Not long after Japan had signed the treaty with America, communists tensions brought Japan and America into an alliance.