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A secret society important to the unification was founded by Mazzini
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Pius IX or also know as pio nono became pope. He was a liberal pope which created political amnesty.
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"Spring of the People involve with the secret societies of Young Italy and Carbonari. Revolutions FAIL when Pope and duke of Tuscany desert the cause of liberal unification.
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Victor Emmanuel became the King of Piedmont-Sardinia who was a natural leader for Italian Unification.
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Cavour became Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia and was the modern programme of the administation and economy.
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War between Russia and the British,French and Ottoman Turks
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Piedmont Sardinia entered in the Crimean war in the Anglo-French side which helped Italy create a good sense of alliance to strong countries
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March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to the alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia.TheTreaty of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856,.This guaranteed the Ottoman Turkey and made Russia urrender southern Bessarabia, at the mouth of the Danube.
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Orsini made an attempt to assassinate Napoleon III
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It is a secret meeting held in Plombieres spa were Napoleon III met with prime minister Cavour. Napoleon agrees to help Piedmont against the Austria if Piedmont gave up Nice and Savoy.
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In April 1859 Piedmont prepared for war. Italy and France had the upper hand since Austrians had bad organization and poor conditions. There were to main wars they won which were fought at MAGENTA and SOLFERINO.
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The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence which resulted France's and Sardinia's victory under Napoleon III against Austria
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The Battle of Solferino was a victory for the ones allied on French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Army under Victor Emmanuel II against the Austrian Army.
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Napoleon panics when Prussia gets involved in the war which makes him worried on making strong enemy.Also that Italian states were becoming much stronger than he believes. Napoleon left the war in armistice with hungary. VICTOR EMMANUEL feared they would not be able to defeat Austria without support from France so he signed treaty too. Cavour became infuriated too but Piedmont gained land of Lombardy and kept Savoy & Nice
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Cavour came back as prime minister from his brief resignation. He made a deal with french ruler to give up Savoy and Nice if he would help unite them with Tuscany and Emilia.
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March 24, 1860 is when the Savoy and the Nice were annexed to France. Since Napoleon had conquered for them Tuscany and Emilia. (First real step to Unification)
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Garibaldi was angry his birthplace Nice belonged to France and blamed Cavour who was scared he would go after Nice but was calmed by the idea of unification could finally possible with a monarchy not a republic. Though to distract him he told him to invade Sicily who were made up by 1,000 followers including the RED SHIRTS.
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Cavour was scared Garibaldi would gain more power so he tried to persuade him into hanging over SICILY to PIEDMONT and end the fighting . Also he told Victor Emanuel to write a letter expressing his wishes . Though the letter did NOT STOP Garibaldi or his Army
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Garibaldi heads to Naples were his army is now 25,000 people. They were in the shores of the Naples with the assurance of British Army and Mazzini. Garibaldi was successful and now ruled all southern part of Italy
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Garibaldi had asked for Vacour to be removed from power but relatively did not occur
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Garibaldi should have stopped when he conquered Sicily and Naples but had to decided to go after Rome too
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Cavour was worried because of he attacked Rome FRANCE and AUSTRIA would join forces to protect the POPE.
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Cavour thought if he were to attack the Papal States instead of Rome itself Catholics would not be as worried so Cavour sent Piedmontees are to Papal states. Then most of the red shirts would go with the flow and go to the Papal States instead of Rome. DISASTER WAS AVOIDED
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Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi met and by the end of the day Garibaldi handed over his army and land he had taken to his king.
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Italy was not a republic yet but was still a single state which had yet to unify Rome which was independent and Venetia which was still part of Austria
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The expenses involved in the army reforms provoked a crisis between the Prussian
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As a result of a political crisis in Prussia over the length of military service, Bismarck was appointed Minister President of Prussia. His goal was to make Prussia not Austria the dominant power in Germany.
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Bismarck key work which improved especially in the military bars of Prussia unification of Germany: securing the army reforms,illegal collecting the taxes to finance them,resisting the opposition, and the ruling Prussia for four years in defiance of the majority of the Assembly.
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IAustria promised Italy Venetia if they did not get involved . Prussia promised to win over land if allied with them.Italy allied with Prussia against the Austrians .
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Relations between Austria and Prussia broke down over the control of Schleswig- Holstein. The problem was that powers were going head to head to have full control of Germany. (Bismarck provoked quarrels with the Austrians.)
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The Austro-Prussian and Franco- Prussians were the last piece of the puzzle for the complete unification of italy.
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24 June, Battle of Custoza: Austrian army defeats Italian army.
27 June, Battle of Trautenau: Austrians check Prussian advance but with heavy losses.
27 June, Battle of Langensalza: Hanover's army defeats Prussia's. However, Hanover surrenders two days later.
29 June, Battle of Gitschin (Jičín): Prussians defeat Austrians. -
3 July, Battle of Königgrätz :Prussian victory against Austrians.
20 July, Battle of Lissa: the Austrian leave and win Italy
21 July, Battle of Bezzecca: Giuseppe Garibaldi's defeat an Austrian army.
22 July (last day of the war), Battle of Lamacs: Austrians defend Bratislava against Prussian army.
24 July, Battle of Tauberbischofsheim, the Federal 8th Corps is defeated by Prussia and northern Württemberg is occupied. -
Italy saw this as a chance to lastly unite Rome . Italian troops walked into Rome and joined the union
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In July of 1871 Italy was fully unified with Rome as its brans new Capitol.
