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Nobel Lippmann works in natural color photography to provide informationn about light
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British scientist Dennis Gabor developed the theory of holography while working to improve the resolution of an electron microscope.Gabor coined the term hologram from the Greek words holos, meaning "whole," and gramma, meaning "message"
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Russian scientists N. Bassov and A. Prokhorov and American scientist Charles Towns help the movement of holography with the invention of the laser
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In 1962 they read Gabor's paper and decided to duplicate Gabor's technique using the laser and an "off-axis" technique borrowed from their work. The result was the first laser transmission 3D hologram.
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The first laser transmission of 3-D objects were a toy train and bird. These transmission holograms produced images with clarity and realistic depth but required laser light to view the holographic image. Their pioneering work led to standardization of the equipment used to make holograms.
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1962 Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks of the University of Michigan recognized that holography could be used as a 3-D visual medium.
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Dr. Stephen A. Benton invented white-light transmission holography while researching holographic television at Polaroid Research Laboratories. This type of hologram can be viewed in ordinary white light creating a "rainbow" image from the seven colors which make up white light.
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Lloyd Cross developed the integral hologram by combining white-light transmission holography with conventional cinematography to produce moving 3-dimensional images.
