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Germany was required under the conditions of the treaty to make financial reparations, disarm, surrender land, and give up all of its colonies elsewhere. Additionally, the League of Nations was called for, an organisation that President Woodrow Wilson firmly backed. -
The Assembly of the League of Nations meets for the first time in Geneva, Switzerland. The US is notably absent, the Senate having voted against joining the League in November 1919. -
The United States convenes the Washington Conference, attended by Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, China, Japan, and Portugal. The Conference results in a naval armaments treaty that sets a ratio for tonnage of capital ships (over 10,000 tons, with guns bigger than eight inches) for Great Britain, the US, Japan, France, and Italy. -
Mussolini and other fascist leaders organised a march on Rome with the intention of forcing the king to yield the government to Mussolini. It worked, and Mussolini was appointed prime minister that same year. -
Adolf Hitler and General Ludendorff, a World War One hero, lead a small contingent of followers in a harmless, comical attempt at rebellion, for which Hitler is imprisoned for two years. -
Following Lenin's death, there arose uncertainty regarding the succession of power. Ultimately, Joseph Stalin emerged victorious in the intense competition against Leon Trotsky, thereby assuming leadership of the Soviet government. This transition of power marked a critical turning point in Soviet history. -
The Extremists, who had controlled prewar governments, forged an electoral coalition with the Socialist Party, which typically avoided affiliation with the bourgeois parties of the right. To oppose the Bloc National, they came together to establish the Cartel. -
The Dawes Plan restructures the schedule of German reparations payments so as to reduce the amount of annual payments, and grants Germany a large loan. -
The Locarno Pacts are signed in efforts to stabilise relations with Germany and its neighbours. The pacts usher in a period of peace and prosperity. -
A provisional administration was installed when the Spanish monarchy was deemed to have been toppled. The administration split further during the next years between the monarchists of the extreme right and the socialists of the extreme left.