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Performance on different cognitive tests are often similar, leading to the idea of a "general intelligence," The g Factor. IQ tests are used as a metric of this factor. First proposed by Charles Spearman.
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This was on of the first intelligence tests. It was used to identify special-needs students. It was created by Alfred Binet and refined by Théodore Simon.
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The IQ test was invented by WIlliam Stern. It is still widely used today. The median score is set at 100 and each standard deviation is set at 15 points.
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Piaget suggested that children are not less intelligent than adults, they just think differently. He proposed a series of stages of development children go through.
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Louis Leon Thurstone did not agree with the g Factor, but instead thought that intelligence was composed of seven primary factors: verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed and reasoning. The Primary Mental Abilities test is based on these ideas.
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This is an IQ test for children, not requiring reading or writing. It was invented by David Wechsler. The fifth version is frequently used today.
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Howard Gardner though IQ testing was limited and proposed eight intelligence measures: Linguistic intelligence, Logical-mathematical intelligence, Spatial intelligence, Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, Musical intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence, Intrapersonal intelligence, Naturalist intelligence Our society cares the most about linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, but there is no reason not to value the others.
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Sternberg proposed that intelligence has three components: Componential intelligence (reasoning, verbal, and maths skills), Experiential intelligence (new ideas and situations), and Contextual intelligence (real-world application and evironment changing).
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John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey proposed this model. It defines emotional intelligence as being composed of the ability to: accurately perceive emotions in oneself and others, use emotions to facilitate thinking, understand emotional meanings, and manage emotions.
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A theory of emotional intelligence developed by K. V. Petrides and Adrian Furnham coming out of the facet of emotional intelligence not covered by the four-trait model. It looks at 15 traits of emotional intelligence.
