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Richard Arkwright
was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. He became interested in spinning machinery at least by 1764, when he began construction of his first machine (patented in 1769). Arkwright’s water frame (so-called because it operated by waterpower) produced a cotton yarn suitable for warp. -
James Watt
was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712. An inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements in steam engine technology drove the Industrial Revolution. -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire in England. -
George Stephenson
was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Renowned as the "Father of Railways",Stephenson was considered by the Victorians a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement. Self-help advocate Samuel Smiles particularly praised his achievements. -
Mutual-Aid Societies
is an organization that provides benefits or other help to its members when they are affected by things such as death, sickness, disability, old age, or unemployment. -
Cotton Gin
A cotton gin meaning "cotton engine" is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds. In 1794, U.S.-born inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton become America’s leading export. -
Dynamo
Michael Faraday invented the 'Dynamo' or The First Laboratory models of Electric Generator in 1831. It consisted of a Copper Disk that rotated between the Poles of a Magnet -
Alfred Nobel
was a Swedish businessman, chemist, engineer, inventor, and philanthropist. He held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. -
Thomas Edison
was an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. -
Socialism
Socialism is based upon economic and political theories that advocate for collectivism. In a state of socialism, there is no privately owned property. -
Social Democracy
is a political, social and economic philosophy that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented economy. -
Communism
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. -
Social Gospel
was a religious movement that arose during the second half of the nineteenth century. Ministers, especially ones belonging to the Protestant branch of Christianity, began to tie salvation and good works together. They argued that people must emulate the life of Jesus Christ. -
Automobile
It is generally acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously by several German inventors working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. -
Airplane
Wilbur and Orville Wright made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with their first powered aircraft. The Wright brothers had invented the first successful airplane. The Wrights used this stopwatch to time the Kitty Hawk flights.
