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Jethro Tull's mechanical seed sower permits large-scale planting in rows, for easier cultivation between the rows.
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Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel.
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Thomas Newcomen builds first commercially successful steam engine. Able to keep deep coal mines clear of water. First significant power source other than wind and water.
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First threshing machine.
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James Brindley's Bridgewater Canal opens. Barges carry coal from Worsley to Manchester.
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James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny for clotes making
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Bridgewater Canal extended to the Mersey, thus connecting with Liverpool. Its success kicks off extensive canal construction
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Watt's first efficient steam engine, much more efficient than the Newcomen.
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Arkwright puts a Watt engine in the Albion cotton mill, Blackfriars Bridge, London.
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William Murdock (James Watt's assistant) lights his home with coal gas.
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Robert Fulton's Clermont first successful steamboat.
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Luddite riots: laborers attack factories and break up the machines they fear will replace them.
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Faraday demonstrates electro-magnetic rotation, the principle of the electric motor.
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Marc Brunel invents a tunnelling shield, making subaqueous tunnelling possible.
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The Liverpool and Manchester Railway begins first regular commercial rail service.
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Faraday discovers electro-magnetic current, making possible generators and electric engines.
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Charles Babbage develops his analytic engine--the forerunner of the computer.
Fox Talbot produces photographs. -
Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code.
Great Western--first ocean-going steamship. -
Great Britain--first large, iron, screw-propelled steamship.
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Petrol refining first used.
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Singer invents first practical sewing machine.
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Elisha Otis invents the elevator safety brake making skyscrapers possible
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Alfred Nobel produces dynamite, the first high explosive which can be safely handled.
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Christopher Sholes invents the Remington typewriter.
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Bell invents the telephone.
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Microphone invented.
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First skyscraper (ten stories) in Chicago.
The Brooklyn Bridge opens. This large suspension bridge, built by the Roeblings (father and son), is a triumph of engineering. -
Maxim invents the machine gun, making possible mass slaughter and beginning the mechanization of warfare.
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Benz develops first automobile to run on internal- combustion engine.
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Hertz produces radio waves.
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Roentgen discovers X-rays.
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Marconi patents wireless telegraph.
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First Zeppelin built.
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Marconi transmits first trans-Atlantic radio message (from Cape Cod).
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Wright brothers make first powered flight.
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Henry Ford mass-produces the Model T.