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1500
European Contact (disease)
During the Sixteenth century, the European came in contact with the First Nations giving them epidemics. Many died because of this, because they had no immunity.
*Picture is of a Native drawing a person with the disease small pox. -
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Fur Trade
Fur trade
- Hudson's Bay Compay (beavers) -
Christian Missionary School (French)
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Seven Years War
France Vs. Britain. Britain claim to have won the war in 1759 at Quebec. The War ended in 1763 when Britain signed the Treaty of Paris. -
Royal Proclamation
This document is set out for the relationship between the First Nations and the Crown. It states the administration for recently acquired territories in North America, and also states a few rules in relations to the First Nations.
*In the picturem is King George III who issued the Royal Proclamation -
Destruction of Bison
The Bison nation was nearly destroyed due to the greed and need of hunting. -
Residential School (Mohawk School, Bradford ON)
A Canadian Indian residential school. This is where many kids were rapped, sexually assulted, called by numbers (not by name), and also strapped.
*In the picture shows the outside of Mohawk School -
Gradual Civilization Act
Passed by the fifth parliament of the province of Canada. This application's main goal was to aggressively assimilate and also lead to the First Nation communities disappearing. They would lose all legal rights, and any land claims. With few rights, they would become British subjects. -
Confederation of Canada Day
Canada became a country -
Gradual Enforcement Act
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Treaties
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The Indian Act
The main purpose of this act was to assimilate, govern the First Nations, and eventually make these cultures (give up their language, and beliefs) disappear. -
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Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)
As the CPR was being constructed, it resulted in the Indigenous people being forced to relocate. Whether it was an area where their ancestors lived or a cemetery, the white people will construct over these areas. -
Residential School System
A residential school system was made to assimilate the Indigenous children and their culture, and turn them into a Euro-Canadian.
*In the picture shows a group of children praying before going to bed. Some children also had to pray many times a day in the 1950s -
Banned of All Potlatch and Ceremonial items
All potlatch (a feast to mark and celebrate important milestones) and Ingenious ceremonies/items were and was considered a criminal offense. These items were then sold to others.
*In the picture shows an example of the dancers at a potlatch -
Canadian Government, Formal Agreement With Churches
A formal agreement made for religious institutions to run these schools. -
Dr. Bryce (A Medical Inspector)
Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce would go to the residential schools and inspect the schools and then report the sanitary conditions. In his reports, known as the Bryce Report) stated the horrible conditions, yet the federal government did nothing to stop this.
*In the picture shows a portrait of Dr. Bryce, taken in 1890 -
Residential School Mandatory
*In the picture shows an example of the Indigenous children in one of the classrooms of these residential schools (undated photo). -
Residential school for Inuit Children
Inuit children were sent to residential schools that may have been hundred kilometers from where they live and their communities, meaning Inuit children were kept away from their parents for months, and even years.
*In the picture shows 3 Inuit children on their way to the residential school -
Canada Selectivity Ratifies Agreement on Genocide
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Indigenous People Gain the Right to Vote
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Beginning of Indigenous Movement
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Expand residential schools for Inuit Children
The expansion of schools in Northern Canada
*In the picture shows a group of Inuit Children taken in August, (year unknown) -
"The White Paper"
An act proposed by the government in 1969 by Pierre Trudeau. It was to abolish Status Indians, treaties ,and Indigenous Rights. The federal government wanted to strip the First Nation culture, and treat them as everyday people (equality between all Canadians).This act was then withdrawn due to the quarrel with the First Nations. -
"The Red Paper"
The “Citizen Plus” or also know as the, “The Red Paper” was a proposal made by the Indigenous for their response to “The White Paper in 1970 In this proposal, the Indigenous people wanted self-governance, and to return land titles. -
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Apology to First Nations
The students that attended the United Church Indian residential schools are given a formal apology to all communities and families -
Royal Commission on Indigenous People
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RCAP (Royal Commission on Aboriginal People) Publishes Report
Submitted in 1996, as a 5-volume, four-thousand page report to suggest solutions to the problems affecting the relationship between the Canadians (government included) and Indigenous
*In the picture shows the logo of the RCAP -
Nunavut was created
Created another territory as an acknowledgement for Inuit people. -
Lawsuit
A lawsuit was settled in 2006. This was the beginning of a new relationship towards the Canadians and Indigenous. The government had given the Indigenous families (children that were in residential schools) money, considered blood money. The longer they stayed in the residential school, the more money and vice-versa. -
Truth and Reconciliation (commission)
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Official Apology
Prime Minister, Stephen Harper makes an official apology to all Indigenous families and communities. Many thought he did this because it was a torn in his side, as if the Indigenous people were a problem, thus an apology was made to `shut them up`.
*In the picture shows the previous Prime Minister of Canada that had made the official apology. -
Accepting Responsibility
The Pope acknowledges responsibility for the Residential schools, but does not apologize -
94 Calls to Action
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) releases a three volume report on 94 calls to action, related to the topics and history of the residential schools. Working with this report, the Indigenous people hope to change the polices, and the way the Canadian government work to restore the harm caused by residential schools -
Canada 150
MMIW (Missing and Murdered Indigenous Woman)
