-
Period: to
Prior to 1960's
Most students with disabilities were segregated Those on regular campuses were isolated Some were educated in separate schools Disproportionate number of students who were
in poverty or from diverse backgrounds -
Period: to
Normalization and deinstitutionalization
Breaking down barriers to participation in society -
Gallaudet
The First American residential school for students who were deaf -
Howe
The First residential school for students who were blind -
Period: to
Itard and Seguin
Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children -
Period: to
Inclusion
Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms -
Period: to
Other organizations, such as Special Olympics (Shriver)
Advocacy for caring and fair treatment of individuals with
disabilities -
Council for Exceptional Children founded by Ferrell and other teachers
Development of special education as a profession -
Period: to
Organization of parent groups
Provide support, information, and structure for obtaining resources -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Separate is not equal Allowed for parents of students with disabilities to contend
their students were not receiving adequate education Challenged segregation in education Proved they were denied equal education
opportunities School is basically educating all students -
Segregation to Inclusion
Until 1960s students with disabilities were segregated from
students without disabilities. -
Mild Disability Students Mainstreamed
At this time the students were only “visiting” the general
education class and not really being instructed. Polices of normalization and deinstitutionalization were being
implemented. This required agencies to provide individuals
with disabilities “normal” experiences where skills were taught
to allow independence. This helped reduce the amount of
individuals being institutionalized. These skills were taught
within their own communities. -
Exclusion Upheld in Courts
Compulsory attendance not for all students Students were denied based on disability Students were denied based on sole discretion of schools Until the 1970s, exclusionary practices upheld in courts Schools denied children because their appearance “nauseated
them” -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act, PL 94-142
The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public
education -
Period: to
Inclusion Movement
Inclusion Movement Begins Controversy still continues regarding full inclusion -
Reauthorization of IDEA
Under the Reauthorization of IDEA services were
extended to infants, toddlers, and preschool children aged 3 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
An amendment to the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act to ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education. IDEA is the most important law for individuals with
disabilities in the school age years. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Ensures the right to nondiscriminatory treatment in other aspects of life; a civil rights law -
No Child Left Behind
This law was the one responsible for the idea of all students
being held to high standards. This means students will mild
disabilities must pass all state assessments like students
without disabilities. This law requires students with mild disabilities to be
instructed using the state standards since they are now
taking the state assessments “Standards-based” reform,
consequences to special ed. -
IDEIA of 2004 Mandate
Individuals with Disabilities
Education Improvement Act “To the maximum extent appropriate, children
with disabilities are educated with children who
are non-disabled; and special classes, separate
schooling, or other removal of children with
disabilities from the regular educational
environment occurs only if the nature or
severity of the disability is such that education in
regular classes with the use of supplementary
aids and services cannot be achieved
satisfactorily”
