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Period: to
Little rights
4.5 million special education children were denied adequate schooling. (National Council on Disability. 2000, January 25) -
Public School System
States began creating a nationwide public school system. Students with disabilities were usually excluded. (Torreno, S. 2012, June 6) -
Council for Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children was established as a national organization advocating for students with special needs, including students with disabilities, as well as the gifted and talented. (National Council on Disability. 2000, January 25.) -
Little education
Only 12% of all children with disabilities received some form of special education. (National Association of Special Education Teachers. n.d.) -
Brown vs. Board of Education
The court ruled that is was illegal under the 14th Amendment to discriminate against any group of people. The court then applied this ruling to education. If Brown could not discriminate by race, the schools could not discriminate by ability or disability. (National Council on Disability. 2000, January 25). -
Christmas in Purgatory
Burton Blatt release Christmas in Purgatory, a photographic essay of life in a mental institution. It brought a lot of attention to the public about the conditions and abuse of people with intellectual disabilities. Burton Blatt continued to advocate for deinstitutionalization and called for programs to integrate students into public schools. (Burton Blatt Institute. n.d.) -
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 was created to prevent discrimination of children with disabilities from programs that receive federal funding. (National Association of Special Education Teachers. n.d.) -
All Handicapped Children Act
Congress passes the All Handicap Children Act which guaranteed and enforced that all children, regardless of disabilities, were entitled to a free appropriate education. (National Council on Disability. 2000, January 25) -
Vocational Education Act
The Vocational Education Act or Perkins Act authorized federal funds for vocations education programs. "Under the act, "special populations" include those who have a disability, are disadvantaged, or have limited English proficiency. This law is particularly important, because it requires that vocational education be provided for students with disabilities." (NICHCY. 1997) -
PL 99-457
The All Handicap Children Act was revised to include infants and children. It mandated a preschool program to serve children ages three to five and an infant program for children birth to two. States must serve all children with disabilities ages three to five by the 1991-1992 school year. (Future Reflections, 1990) -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Congress passed the first civil rights law prohibiting discrimination of people with disabilities in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. (EEOC. n.d.) -
IDEA
EHA was revised and became known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. IDEA emphasized the use of individual education plans (IEPs). Students were now provided individualized attention and schooling options. (National Council on Disability. 2000, January 25) -
No Child Left Behind
Signed into law by President George W. Bush, No Child Left Behind held schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. It ensured that schools and states boost the performance of EL students, students in special education, and poor and minority students. States did not have to comply but if they chose not to, they risked loosing federal Title I money. (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center. 2015, April 10) -
IDEA 2004
IDEA was reauthorized to be consistent with No Child Left Behinds provisions. Changes were made to the special education eligibility and evaluation process. Student progress must be regularly monitored based on measurable goals. (Texas Council for Developmental Disabilities. n.d.) -
Every Student Succeeds Act
President Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act which upholds critic protections for disadvantaged and high-needs students. It also required that all students be taught to high academic standards that will prepare them succeed beyond high school. (U.S. Department of Education. n.d.)
