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the Qing dynasty of the Manchus was at the height of its power.
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the rebels seized Nanjing, the sec- ond largest city of the empire, and massacred 25,000 men, women, and children.
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U.S. consul Townsend Harris signed a more detailed treaty. It called for the opening of several new ports to U.S. trade and residence, as well as an exchange of ministers.
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the Sat-Cho alliance forced the shogun to promise to end relations with the West.
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The Sat-Cho leaders armies attacked the shogun’s palace in Kyoto and proclaimed that the authority of the emperor had been restored.
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the Tokyo School of Fine Arts was established to promote traditional Japanese art.
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- Chinese foremost writer Ba Jin was born.
- Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur.
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- a reformer named Sun Yat-sen presented a program that called for Equality.
- a convention in Tokyo, Sun united radical groups from across China and formed the Revolutionary Alliance, which eventually became the Nationalist Party.
- the United States recognized Japan’s role in Korea in return for Japanese recognition of American authority in the Philippines.
- the Russians agreed to a humiliating peace in 1905.
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President Theodore Roosevelt made a “gentlemen’s agreement” with Japan that essentially stopped Japanese immigration to the United States.
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Elections for a national assembly were held.Japan annexed Korea outright.
