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At Brest - Litovsk, Bolshevic Russia signs peace treaty with the Central powers through exchanging vast amount of Russian territory for peace.
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With Allies at Villa Giusti
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With Allies at Villa Giusti.
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1st phase of German offensive
German General Erich Ludendorff plans last ditch spring offensive.
German's use new infiltration tactics & overwhelm British 5th army to full retreat.
German advance threaten British & French army to split.
French General Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Forces to co-ordinate a new strategy. -
Outside Amiens, British & Australian troops improvise defence & finally halt German advance.
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2nd phase of German offensive
German offensive switch to north. Target Channel ports.
British inflect heavy losses on German, prevent breakthrough. -
Germany's most famous pilot, Manfred von Richthofen, the 'Red Baron' is shot down and killed near Amiens.
Has 80 victories & war's highest scoring ace -
Britain's new 'Independent Bombing Force' launches daylight raid agains Cologne.
Marks beginning of Britain's own strategic bombing campaign. -
3rd phase of German offensive
Ludenforff's offensive switches south targeting the French.
German troops advance 30 miles but are halted at River Marne as fresh American devision enter the line. -
First US Division to see combat in WW1.
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US 2nd division wins
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4th phase of German offensive
9 mile advance however halted by French counterattack. -
In Italy, Austria-Hungary launches an attack at Asiago and the Piave River to support Ludenforff's offensive in France
Repulsed by heavy losses & morale in Austro-Hungarian army collapses. -
British & French troops land at Murmansk in northern Russian
Beginning of Allied intervention in Russia's Civil War on the side of 'White , or anti-Bolshevik, forces. -
On Western Front, German's final attack is defeated in the Second Battle of Marne.
Ludendorff's Offensive cost Germans more than 600,000 causalities failing to make a decisive breakthrough. -
British, Australian, Canadian & French troops, supported by tanks and aircraft advance 7 miles in a single day.
General Ludendorff calls this day as 'the Black Day of the German army' -
In the Balkans, a new Allied offensive at Dobro Pole breaks through Bulgarian positions.
Bulgarian army collapses - 2wks later sings armistice -
In Middle East, British led forces defeat the Turks at the Battle of Megiddo taking 25,00 prisoners.
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On Western Front, Marshal Foch orders general attack.
British, French & American armies reach the Hindenburg Line, a line of reinforced German defences, and break through. -
By Allied forces
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Request sent to US President Woodrow Wilson, in return he demands German withdrawal form all occupied territory & Kaiser's abdication.
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On the Italian Front, the Allies deliver the final blow to Austria-Hungary at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto.
300,000 prisoner taken & Austro-Hungarian army is gone -
By allied forces
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With Allies at Mudros as Central Powers face collapse
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German High Seas Fleet ordered to make suicidal attack on British navy but instead it mutinies.
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With allies inside Marshal Foch's railway carriage at Compiegne.
It comes into force at 11am however fighting continues until the last moment. -
In East Africa, on the Chamber River.
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At Palace of Versailles outside French capital.
Delegates accepted a proposal to create 'League of Nations' to settle future international international disputes. -
The Versailles Treaty impose harsh terms on German.
It's military restricted in size.
Must pay war reparation to Allies
Loses territory to its neighbours.
Colonies seized by the victors.
Accept responsibility for war in a 'war guilt' clause.