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Presidential election under Weimar Republic in Germany gives 30.1 percent of the vote to Adolf Hitler, head of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers Party, i.e., Nazis). The incumbent president, Field Marshall Hindenburg, receives 49.6 percent.
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Since a majority (more than 50 percent) was required by German law for the election of a president, a rerun presidential election was held in which incumbent president Hindenburg wins with 53 percent of the vote. Adolf Hitler increases his popular vote to 36.8 percent.
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A pastoral letter of Austrian Bishop Gfollner of Linz states that it is the duty of all Catholics to adopt a “moral form of antisemitism.”
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Hitler and former Prime Minister Franz von Papen meet secretly to discuss Hitler’s future in the German government.
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Jews are banned from the German Labor Front.
A Lutheran minister opposed to the Reich Church is beaten by Nazi thugs. -
Hitler publicly insists that Germany will not be deterred from its program of rearmament.
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A plebiscite conducted under the auspices of the League of Nations brings the Saar region into Greater Germany.
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Prohibition of gatherings urging Jews to remain in Germany.
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Wilhelm Gustloff, leader of the Nazi Party in Switzerland, is assasinated by David Frankfurter, a Swiss Jewish student, in protest of the persecution of German Jews.
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The German Gestapo is placed above the law.
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Start of the Aryanization of the economy — Jewish owners forced, without legal basis, to sell their businesses, in most cases considerably below the value of their goods.
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Jews prohibited from working in any office in Germany.
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Minority rights abrogated by Romania; many Jews have their citizenship revoked.
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Hitler appoints Joachim von Ribbentrop foreign minister.
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Jews are eliminated from the German economy; their capital is seized, though some Jews continue to work under Germans.
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Germany declares Karaite Jews exempt from enforcement of the Nuremberg Laws.
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Shivering Jews in Warsaw, Poland, are forced to burn Jewish books for fuel.
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The forced march of 880 Polish prisoners of war--all Jews--results in the shooting deaths of more than 600.
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Denied fuel, Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto are freezing to death.
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Dutch Jews register with German authorities.
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Mass killings of Jews using Zyklon B begin at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The bodies are buried in mass graves in a nearby meadow.
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Molotov hands over information on mass graves.
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First armed resistance against deportation in Warsaw Ghetto.
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Transports from the ghetto in Theresienstadt to Auschwitz.
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Roosevelt creates the War Refugee Board.
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Germany invades Hungary.
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Soviet troops liberate 800 Jews at Czestochowa and 870 in Lodz.
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Soviet troops liberate Warsaw, few Jews remain.
