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While in prison for his radical beliefs, Hitler developed a 25 point program calling for racial purity. He also wrote a book about the master race and how Jews were interferring with the German race. Once released, his book was published. Within 8 years, his radical beliefs became the government beliefs and the rest is history
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Germany has 566,000 Jews
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Hitler gets emergency powers.
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First concentration camp Dachau established March 1933. Imprisonment started in 1935. Jews were stripped of their identities.
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Nazi storm troopers (SA) dragged Jewish judges, lawyers into street for public humilation. SA also marched street lined with Jewish businesses singing anti-Jewish songs. Nationwide boycott of Jewish stores in the press. Nazi made Jewish businessmen march down street carrying anti-Jewish signs. Nazis blamed Jews for anti-German tone of international press. On April 7, 1933, a law dismissed all Jews from civil service (government jobs). Similar laws continued to oust Jews from employment.
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Anyone not a Nazi was kicked out of office and replaced by Nazis.
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Nazi students and professors raided libraries, universities, and bookstores in 30 different cities throughout Germany and removed 100,000s of books and threw them in bonfires. Why? Nazis wanted to destroy anything considered "non-German" or that was written by Jews. For example, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud books were burned and so were American non-Jewish authors Helen Keller, Jack London, and Upton Sinclair. Eight years later -- Hitler and the SS burned people.
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Dr. Geobbels (Nazi Propagandists) systematically spead opinions and beliefs against Jews by taking control of newspapers, magazines, books, radio, and public meetings/rallies. Anyone who threaten Nazi beliefs would be eliminated from all media. Before Hitler came to power, Jews were proud of their heritage
Burning of books May 10, 1933 raided all schools, bookstores, libraries of books contrary to Nazi beliefs. Why? Hitler wanted racial purity and believed anything non-German was no good. -
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Nazis forced Jewish people to display six-pointed star of David on their stores and persons. Meant to discourage Germans from buying from Jews and associating with them. Forced to speak Yiddish, Jewish language
1938 Jewish doctors cannot treat non-Jewish patients; Jewish lawyers cannot practice. August 1938 - Jews forced to take Jewish middlenames: Men - Isreal, Women - Sarah.
1933 - Jews lived in every country in Europe but by end of WWII two or every three Jews were killed in Europe. -
Nazi officially told the story that Jews were disease-carriers and had to be evacuated from polish communities. Thus, Jews were sent to live in dirty, crowded housing. Ghetto refers to a part of the city where minority groups live b/c of social, legal, or economic pressure. Smallest Ghetto 3000 Jews, Largest Ghetto 400,000 Jews. On Nov. 23, 1939, all Jews 10 yrs or older had to wear star of David. Disease was everywhere, cold winters with little clothing, no heat. People starved.
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SS tormented political leaders who refused to obey Nazi laws by punishment in prison, concentration camp, or killing. SS members in black uniform coat. Gestapo also established: Non-uniform troopers who went door to door rounding up Jews. They also tormented political leaders who disobeyed Nazi laws.
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Hitler's image of the perfect, ideal German looked nothing like he did. In German school's, teachers started measuring student's skulls and nose lengths and their eye and hair color was recorded. Hitler publicized in posters, radio, newspapers, movies and classrooms what the ideal person should look like: tall, blond hair and blue eyes. He wanted racial purity, hence the Nuremburg Laws
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Also excluded Jews from events. Signs saying "No Jews Allowed." During Olympics, Germans loosened up their anti-Jew treatment because they did not want bad worldwide publicity. However, after Olympics, Jews were again outcasts in Germany.
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To further German racial purity, law required persons wishing to marry to get government approval from board of health they they were not Jewish by blood. "Law for Protection of Hereditary Health of German People"
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US didn't get involved b/c still recovering from WWI. Citizens wanted to get involved but some were concerned that welcoming Jews to US would be against our refugee policy. Finally, we stood up after Pearl Harbor was bombed Dec. 7, 1941
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US and other countries made it difficult for Jews to immigrate. Requirements for immigration were strict. Also, Germany made it difficult for Jews to leave: Jews needed a passport, cert from police formally stating they did not live in Germany anymore, emigration tax, and 25% tax of assets for dissolving German residency, Also, those leaving had to itemize a list of every personal and household good they took with them. Moreover, they needed a visa to get into a country in order to leave.
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33,000-35,000 Jews try to flee Germany due to Hitler's pressures
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At Evian, France, the US convenes a League of Nations conference with delegates from 32 countries to consider helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but results in inaction as no country will accept Jews.
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Nazis attack Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues all over Gernmany. Over 17,000 Jewish families were forced out of Germany into Poland, where they were not welcomed, forcing them stranded and without homes.
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Germany invades Norway and Germany. Within a day Denmark is occupied and Norway also is conquered with little fighting. Continuing North, Germany is met by the British who attempt to fight the Germans, but the Brits have to retreat in the first week of June.
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Hitler at first wanted Jew to leave. He deprived Jews of food, water, and other basic needs before concentration camps. Jews tried to flee but noone would take them.
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Although France and Britain declare war on Germany to help Poland, Poland must surrender to Germany on Sept. 28, 1939.
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Physically and mentally disabled persons were sent to centers where they were examined by Hitler's medical crew and most were euthanised (killed) because Hitler viewed them as unworthy of life. Note August 3, 1941 Catholic Pope denounces euthanasia and Hitler was officially ordered to end his project in 1941.
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Consultants visited hospitals to decide who would die in gas chambers
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Nazis felt that handicapped people were a disgrace to society. They were starved or poisoned Innocent 1940-1945 200,000 were killed.
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The fight against France and surrounding countries in western Europe lasted only six weeks as they cannot stand up to Germany and are trapped in the north. Italy's dictator Benito Mussolini supports Germany. Japanese troops invade Indochina.
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Over 3,000,000 German troops and 1,000,000 German allies attack Russia. Finally, Russia forces Germans to retreat from Moscow, thereby defeating Germany.
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Pearl Harbor is on Hawaiin island. US declares war on Japan and enters WWII on side of Allies (England and France).
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The Chelmno extermination camp begins killing millions of Jews in gas chambers. Later camps -- Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Majdanek -- also gassed Jews as part of the "final solution."
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"The Final Solution" was the momentary name for the Holocaust or the complete elimination of Jews. Hitler and 15 others discused liquidation, extermination, and mass elimination of Jews. Mobile killing squads and gas chambers alread in place by summer 1941. Not a single person at the meeting objected.
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But not soon enough. Japan has taken over Philippines, Java, the Dutch East Indies, and in the Philippines, 5200 captured Americans die in a forced march by the Japanese.
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Hitler attacks Britain with V-2 Rocket. Back in 1933, Hitler raided Albert Einstein's house for scientific evidence to gain technological advantage.
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Prisoners of concentration camps forced to walk long distances (35 miles) without food, water, rest in extremely cold conditions. Anyone who could not keep up was shot.
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At end of war, Germans were collapsing, so they started marching Jews to final killing centers instead of transporting them. Many Jews were shot if they could not keep up. Jews marched 35 miles with little or no food, no rest, harsh weather conditions and dirty clothes. One in four died along the way. Winter of 1944-45 was harstest one yet at the time.
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At age 56, Hitler and his new wife commit suicide as the Red Amry were within blocks of capturing him at the end of WWII.
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However, six million Jews were killed. Days later Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders.
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Finally, Sept. 1945 Japan surrenders
