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After a series of mutinies by German sailors and soldiers, Kaiser Wilhelm II lost the support of his military and the German people, and he was forced to abdicate .The following day, a provisional government was announced made up of members of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USDP), shifting power from the military.
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50,000 members of the post-World War One Communist Party, known as the Spartacists, rebelled in Berlin, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
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The Versailles Treaty was the fact with which the first stage of Hitler begins, this consisted of a treaty where those involved in the First World War signed to end the war, in this treaty Germany was blamed for the war in addition to economic and military amendments, this treaty created a humiliation in Germany and the perfect conditions for the emergence of an authoritarian leader
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the Weimar Constitution was signed into law by President Ebert. The law faced venomous opposition from the military and the radical left. The Constitution contained 181 articles and covered everything from the structure of the German state and the rights of the German people
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In the 25-point program, Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from "Aryan" society and to abrogate Jews' political, legal, and civil rights
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was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish an autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the Reichswehr (Military) and nationalist and monarchist factions.
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Nationalist terrorists assassinated 356 government politicians, including Walter Rathenau., the foreign minister, and Matthias Erzberger who had been finance minister. Judges in their trials, many of whom preferred the Kaiser's
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In November 1922 Germany defaulted on its reparations payment as scheduled. The first reparations payment had taken all she could afford to pay. The French believed Germany could make the repayment but were choosing not to, however the German government argued they could not afford to pay.
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was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It ended a crisis in European diplomacy following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. The Occupation of the Ruhr industrial area by France and Belgium contributed to the hyperinflation crisis in Germany, partially because of its disabling effect on the German economy.] The plan provided for an end to the Allied occupation,
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In 1923, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse socially and economically. But surprisingly, this crisis was followed by a period of relative stability and success. The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished.
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Germany was already suffering from high levels of inflation due to the effects of the war and the increasing government debt.
In order to pay the striking workers the government simply printed more money. This flood of money led to hyperinflation as the more money was printed, the more prices rose. -
the hardships created during 1923 by hyperinflation led to many uprisings as groups struggled to take power from the government.
A nationalist group called Black Reichswehr rebelled in September.
.A fascist group called the Nazis attempted a putsch in Munich in November. -
an overreliance on US loans, weak coalition governments, agrarian distress in countryside, low industrial productivity, a reorganised Nazi party after 1926.
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In October 1925 Germany, France and Belgium agreed to respect their post-Versailles borders, whilst Germany agreed with Poland and Czechoslovakia to settle any border disputes peacefully. Germany had previously complained bitterly about their loss of territory.
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League of Nations 1926. When the League of Nations was set up as part of the Versailles agreement Germany was initially excluded. By signing the Locarno Treaties Germany showed that it was accepting the Versailles settlement and so a year later was accepted as a permanent member of the Council of League, making it one of the most powerful countries in the League.
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Germany was one of 62 countries that signed up to this agreement, which committed its signatories to settling disputes between them peacefully.
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he Young Plan considerably reduced the total amount of the reparations owed by Germany (by about 17%) and rescheduled the payments on 59 annuities, making them run until 1988. Moreover, it removed the international control over the railways, the mortgage of a part of the German industries, and the presence in Berlin of the general agent of the repairs
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The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors
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Nazi propaganda was controlled by Joseph Goebbels and had three main themes. The Führer cult. Hitler was always portrayed as Germany’s saviour – the man who would rescue the country from the grip of depression.
Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community). This was the idea that the Nazis would create one German community that would make religion or social class less relevant to people. -
New elections in July 1932 and November 1932 led to huge rise in support for NSDAP and KPD. This pressured Hindenburg into appointing Hitler as Chancellor in January 1933.
