History - women in medicine (MEDICINE)

  • Elizabeth Garret

    Trained as a nurse in Middlesex Hospital - but went to classes for doctors
    Studied to become a doctor in private - using tutors
  • Elizabeth Garret

    Became certified by the Royal Society for Apothecaries - legal action forced them to certify her, as they had no rules barring women - like the other societies
    ^ they banned women straight after she passed through - she was the only women for 19 years
  • Edinburgh Doctors

    Sophia Jex-Blake, Edith Peachey and more entered the University of Edinburgh to work for their medical degrees - however they were met with a lot of prejudice
    Edith Peachey achieved the highest score in the Chemistry paper, however the award was giving to the man that came second
  • Elizabeth Garret

    Went to France to achieve her medical degree - had to teach herself French in order to do this
  • Edinburgh Doctors

    Sophia Jex-Blake, Edith Peachey, and the other women were kicked out of the University of Edinburgh - and not allowed to become doctors
    ^ They had even paid higher tuition fees to be accepted
    ^ Had to then complete degrees in Dublin or Switzerland
  • Law changed

    Parliament changed the law - women were allowed to study an obtain medical degrees from Universities in Britain
  • Pre WWI

    Around 1,000 women with medical degrees, but hospitals refused to employ female doctors - could only work in all-female hospitals, or as GP's
  • WWI

    War office refused to employ female doctors in the Royal Army Medical Corps - or in official charities supporting military (Red Cross, Order of St John)
    Some other charities employed women (Women's Imperial Service League - only women)
    Overseas organisations (French Red Cross) accepted female British doctors
  • Nursing in WWI

    300 nurses in 1914, 10,000 nurses in 1918
    Were allowed to work on the front line after the first few months
    Tasks increased - carry out minor surgeries, and learnt many new skills
    This was all taken away once the war ended
  • Volunteering in WWI (women)

    First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY) supported medical services on the front line
    1914 - worked with French and Belgium forces
    1916 - RAMC (Royal Army Medical Corps) allowed FANY ambulance drivers (including women) to transport wounded British soldiers
  • WWI (VAD)

    Established 1909, the VAD (voluntary aid detachment) offered a range of support - burses, stretcher-bearers, cooks and clerks
    Majority were women
  • Mid WWI

    Because of a shortage of male doctors (all at war), and because they were very good, the War Office allowed women doctors to work in Military Hospitals in Britain
    ^ However, this ended and things went back to normal when the war ended
  • WWII (Women nurses)

    RAMC began recruiting more female nurses to work for the military - then they were sent all over the world when the war broke out
  • WWII (Women in medicine)

    RAMC (Royal Army Medical Corps) included women by 1939 - allowed to serve overseas, but many served in British Military Hospitals - had officer status, but some soldiers objected
  • WWII (Women in medicine)

    Far more women were doctors - and this increased as war went on and more women volunteered
    However, like WWI, when the war ended the women had to step aside once more
  • WWII (women in nursing)

    Female nurses given military ranks - equivalent to soldiers
    ^ some were killed, others became prisoners of war
    As qualified nurses tended to stay in their jobs in Britain, female volunteer nurses went abroad and cared for soldiers there