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The Caravel was a small Portuguese ship that was easy to navigate through storms, was faster than others, and also much smaller than regular ships. Caravels were used in scenarios were you are exploring, while bigger ships would be more useful for bringing soldiers to war and for war itself. -
The printing press was a machine that made printing anything possible. That led to the printing of the bible in all languages, so that instead of individually writing everything, you could have a machine write it. -
Bartolomeu Dias sailed of the Portuguese and was able to find the bottom tip of Africa. This was major because before this, people thought Africa didn't end and that as you kept going down further and further, it kept warming up until you died from heat. After this discovery many sailors were able to discover routes to the Spice Islands. -
Columbus was the first person in the americas, originally he was trying to find a route to India that proved that the earth was round and that India could be reached to the West. Once he got there, because the cultures were so different, he thought he was in India. Columbus treated the Native Americans cruelly, even though they were valuable traders. -
The line of demarcation was a line down Central America and behind Brazil, the Spanish got everything east of the line, and the Portuguese got everything west of the line. It was designed by the Pope to keep the two catholic countries left peaceful with each other. However the line proved to be faulty when Ferdinand Magellan sailed for the Spanish and was able to prove that everything was east of the line.
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Vasco da Gama was a sailor for Portugal that was the first European to be in contact with the India through sea travel. He created a route under Africa, to India, and back. -
Brazil was discovered by Pedro Cabral in 1500. He was trying to go under Africa, but he got too far out while he was going to try to "swing" under Africa, and landed in Brazil, which was major because Portugal had finally reached the Americas. -
The mona Lisa was a massive painting made by Leonardo Da Vinci. It is famous for not being made on a real human and also the interesting background. Also, the eyes on the painting are always looking at you -
Through his entire life it was hard for Henry to ever have a son, which put the entire country in risk if he were ever to die. He eventually has a son named Edward VI who was born October 12, 1537 who took a lot of risk off his country's shoulder. Henry also created Anglicanism, so he could get an annulment and have a new wife to hopefully have a son.
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John Calvin was the man who made the religion of Calvinism, which is a version of Christianity where everything ever said or done was predetermined. The reason he is important is because he was able to gain enough followers, that entire countries were Calvinistic.
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The sistine Chapel was an entire Chapel full of art work from Michelangelo. The artwork has very religious and humanistic themes going on, the religious is because God is mentioned, and the humanism is from everyone being jacked. -
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa was the first European in the Pacific Ocean. This was major because it proved that the earth was round and that you could travel around that. This also opened up a new route to India. -
The diet of worms was a meeting in which Luther and Charles V debated about religion. Luther argued so well that Charles had no response and Luther won. -
Ferdinand Magellan set off in the middle of September of 1519. He was going on a voyage around the world for Spain to prove that everything was west of the Line of Demarcation. His voyage was a success and he reached the other side of the globe, however he died halfway through. -
Jaques Cartier wanted to discover a route to India north of the americas. He ended up getting stuck in Canada. Being stuck in Canada was a good thing because he was still able to trade for rare material and the French were able to add to their list of colonies. -
The Book of Common Prayer was written by Edward VI and Thomas Cranmer in England. It is a book used similarly to the bible or a prayer book, except used for Anglicans.
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Phillip II was an extremely Catholic King of Spain. His mission was to make all countries Catholic. He was the king who sent the Spanish Armada to England. He also had 4 wives, Maria Manuela, Mary I, Elizabeth of Valois, and Anna of Austria.
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Thomas Cranmer was the archbishop of Canterbury who created Anglicism with Henry VII. However, once Henry VII and Edward VI, Mary I was put in charge of England. This created religious problems as Mary I was still Catholic, even though the priest with the most power was Anglican. Mary I tortured Thomas Cranmer until he said that Catholicism was the only religion. Once he said that Mary said he could be free, but then burned him. -
The Elizabethan Compromise was a compromise stating that you could only convert to Anglicanism, but if you were born as a Catholic that was okay. The Elizabethan Compromise created religious tolerance which was rare during this time period to see.
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Elizabeth I was Henry VII's second daughter who took over England after Mary I's death. Elizabeth I was a huge figure in the history of all of England's rulers because she defended the Spanish Armada, created a religious compromise, and never married so that she could stay in power. -
The Edict of Nantes was a document that would solve all religious conflicts between the Huguenots and Catholics of France. The Edict of Nantes set base lines of rules that had to be followed, like no kidnaping babies of the opposite religion only to baptize them. The Edict of Nantes and Cardinal Richelieu also took out all Calvinistic protection, ensuring they couldn’t have any conflicts with the Catholics.
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Guy Fawkes day is an English holiday to remember the Fifth of November every year. On this day Guy Fawkes, a Catholic upset with Calvinists in parliament, snuck under the Parliament building, filling it to the brim with TNT. However, the parliament leader caught wind of this and was able to get to Guy Fawkes before everything blew up. -
Henry Hudson was a sailor for a bunch of countries. He is famous for discovering New York, the Hudson River, and the Hudson Bay. Henry Hudson discovering New York was big because the Dutch were behind on colonization until they found New York. -
Louis XIV was the head of an insanely centralized government in France. He would invite all the lords to his castle so that he could watch over all of them at once. He also had a hierarchy in his palace, the lower class would stand, the middle class had stools, and the upper class had chairs with no arms, while he and his wife had armchairs. Louis called himself the Sun King because everything revolves around the Sun.
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The English Civil War was fought between two armies the Cavaliers, Charles I's army who lost, and the Roundhead, Parliament's army who won. The Cavaliers were majority Catholic and believed in Divine Right of Kings. The Roundheads on the other hand were Calvinistic and thought everything was predetermined, so they didn't care about killing a king.
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Charles I was executed after losing the civil war, usually you couldn't kill a king, but the Calvinists didn't care since everything was predetermined. Charles had his head cut off, which led to a scene, where he had to make sure his long hair wouldn't interfere with the axe.
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Commonwealth's reign in England was a point in time in which their was no king and the official religion was Calvinism. Commonwealth was super strict and closed all casinos, pubs, and made super official rules.
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Versailles was Louis XIV's famous castle. Louis gave Versailles the nickname "Palace of the Sun King", because he called himself the Sun King. Versailles had very interesting rules, for an example you had to wait for an usher to open a door for you and instead of knocking on doors, you had to scratch on the door with your pinky finger nail. -
William and Mary were originally from the Netherlands and England requested them to be new rulers after the glorious revolution. The one requirement was that they had to convert to Anglicanism since England had just chased a catholic, James II, out of their country. Once they came to England they also needed to give parliament more power.
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The Bill of Rights was a bill passed by William and Mary, to give Parliament more power. Parliament was able to assemble itself, disolve itself, and could levy taxes on their own after this. Before this, the king could say whatever parliament would do and when they would do it.