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The Caravel was a small, fast, highly maneuverable ship made in the 1430's. It is important because it advanced ocean transportation greatly. -
The Tudor Reign was a period when the Tudor family ruled England, starting with Henry VII and ending with Elizabeth I. It was important because it brought political stability and significant cultural, religious, and economic changes to England.
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Bartholomeu Dias was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa in 1488. This was important because it opened a sea route to Asia, boosting trade and exploration. -
In 1492, Christopher Columbus reached the Americas while seeking a westward route to Asia. This was important because it led to the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe. It was important because it shaped the colonial boundaries in the Americas and influenced global exploration. -
Vasco da Gama became the first European to reach India by sea and get to the spice islands. This was important because it established a direct trade route to the Spice Islands, boosting European wealth and power.
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The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticizing the Catholic Church, especially its selling of indulgences. They were important because they started the Protestant Reformation and questioned the Church's power. -
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the globe. This was important because it proved the world was round and connected through global trade routes.
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The Diet of Worms took place in 1521, where Luther was asked to take back his ideas by the Holy Roman Emperor. It was important because Luther refused, leading to his excommunication and the start of the Protestant Reformation. -
The Lutheran Church was created in 1530 after Martin Luther’s ideas split from the Catholic Church. It was important because it was one of the first Protestant churches, marking the beginning of the Reformation and the spread of Protestant beliefs.
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In 1534, Henry VIII broke from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England. This was important because it led to the English Reformation and changed the religious and political landscape of England. -
The Geneva Theocracy was a religious government set up in the 16th century in Geneva, led by John Calvin. It was important because it made Geneva a center for Calvinism and influenced the spread of Protestantism in Europe.
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The Book of Common Prayer was first published in 1549 under the reign of Edward VI of England. It was important because it created a unified form of worship for the Church of England and influenced Anglican practices worldwide. -
On March 3, 1556, Thomas Cranmer was burned by Mary I. This is important because he helped start Anglicanism.
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The Elizabethan Compromise was a religious settlement made by Queen Elizabeth I in the 1550s. It was important because it helped bring peace between Protestants and Catholics in England by blending both beliefs. -
The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was a violent attack on Huguenots by Catholics in Paris. It was important because it deepened religious divisions in France and intensified the French Wars of Religion.
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The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was England's victory over Spain's powerful fleet. It was important because it marked the decline of Spanish dominance and the rise of England as a global naval power. -
The Edict of Nantes, issued in 1598, granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France. It was important because it helped bring an end to the French Wars of Religion and promoted civil peace in the country.
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Philip II of Spain died in 1598 after a long reign marked by wars and religious conflicts. His death was important because it led to a decline in Spain's power and influence in Europe. -
Jamestown was founded in 1607 as the first permanent English settlement in North America. It was important because it marked the beginning of the English colonization of America.
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In 1610, Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Bay while searching for a northwest passage to Asia. His discovery was important because it opened up new areas for exploration and trade in North America. -
The Thirty Years' War was a conflict in Europe fought between Catholics and Protestants. It was important because it reshaped European borders, weakened the Holy Roman Empire, and led to the Treaty of Westphalia.
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The English Civil War was fought between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. It was important because it led to the execution of the king and the rise of Oliver Cromwell. -
Louis XIV, known as the Sun King, ruled France from 1643 to 1714. He was important because he strengthened the monarchy, built the Palace of Versailles, and made France the leading power in Europe during his reign.
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The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. It was important because it established the modern system of independent states and marked the decline of religious wars in Europe. -
King Charles I of England was executed in 1649 after being convicted of treason. His execution was important because it marked the end of the monarchy for a time and led to the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.
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The Commonwealth was a period in England when the monarchy was destroyed and England was ruled by Parliament. It was important because it marked the first time England was governed without a king and led to the rise of Oliver Cromwell's leadership.
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The construction of the Palace of Versailles began in 1661 under King Louis XIV. It was important because it became a symbol of royal power, centralized the French government, and influenced European architecture. -
The Glorious Revolution took place in 1688 when William of Orange invaded England and overthrew King James II. It was important because it led to William and Mary taking the throne. -
William and Mary became rulers of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. Their reign was important because it reduced the king's power and helped create a system of constitutional monarchy.