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The 18th amendment was passed, much to the pleasure of temperance advocate groups like WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union) and ASL (Anti-saloon League). Groups like these (especially ASL) are the ones who fought for this amendment prior to its ratification, blaming it for the country's "illnesses" like crime. Most of these groups also came from a religious perspective and found it to be immoral. Lastly, they called it un-patriotic by saying it took needed materials from WW1.
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Essentially, the only time prohibition was actually effective was the year it was implemented in the constitution officially via the 18th amendment. Immediately after that, it was pretty much a downhill run until the ratification of the 21st amendment which would repeal the prohibition. Although the prohibition did not last for too long in the span of our country's history, it left some lasting impacts in things like our states' rights and media.
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Bootlegging and the underground booze scene as a whole and immediately flourished. This began as just the distribution and selling of alcohol, but as this market grew it started to become one with organized crime groups for needs such as protection.
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After being passed in the 1919, not long after the 18th Amendment, it would go into effect the following year on the same day the amendment was passed nationwide.
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Once the great depression had set in, prohibitions days were numbered. The crime from that was a direct result of the prohibition was no longer worth it, and everybody was now advocating for the end of the prohibition. Not so they could sit around and drink all day, but instead because it would create more tax revenue and more importantly, new jobs.
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Before the prohibition was completely repealed by the 21st amendment, current president Franklin Roosevelt had chosen to pass a new act which would legalize the selling and drinking of beer and wine with a low alcohol content (3.2% or less). This was because it was thought that alcohol with that low of an alcohol content wouldn't be enough to get a person drunk. FDR was also publicly against temperance.
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After years of bootlegging and organized crime rings formed with the intent to distribute alcohol had rendered the 18th amendment useless, Americans increasingly came to see prohibition as unenforceable and by 1933, the 21st amendment was ratified.