-
Treaty of Versailles is signed
Germany Britain Italy France US signed the treaty.The treaty was created to figure out who was going to pay for the war and how to reconstruct. Also start of peace in the world. The treaty included reparations from Germany to France to help reconstruct. It also Included the reduction of Germany’s military.It also gave land back to countries that lost it during and before the war. The main goals of the Treaty were to cushion future attacks from Germany and to put the blame on someone for the war -
Mussolini forms the Fascist Party in Italy
Who: Mussolini, an Italian World War I veteran
When: March 23, 1919
Where: Europe? Italy?
What: Formed terrorism and intimidation against their leftist opponents
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mussolini-founds-the-fascist-party -
Treaty of Versailles is Signed
Who: Germany, Britain, Italy, France, United States.
Where: Paris
Treaty was created to figure out the reparations for the war as well as putting blame on Germany. Created for peace among the world. Germany had to reduce their military/navy, return land taken and pay large reparations. Put large blame on Germany for starting the war.
Editors, History.com. “Treaty of Versailles.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles-1. -
Hitler Joins the Nationalist Socialist Party
Who: Adolf Hitler
When: September 1919
Why: Hitler was ordered to investigate and watch over a small Munich group the German Workers Party. After attending many meetings Hitler liked what they had to say/ views. Hitler tried to gain power through various means, this being the gateway to his dictatorship in Germany.
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/joins.htm -
Washington Naval Conference
Who:U.S. Britain, Japan, France, Italy.
What:A plan which states countries must respect rights regarding pacific islands, limit/scrap warship, regulate poison gas, and a nine power party that affirmed China's sovereignty,Independence, and territorial integrity.
Where:Washington D.C.
Why:Called as an attempt to stop the arms race. Naval sizes were reduced and regulated use of submarines. Framework was created for pacific islands.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Washington-Conference-1921-1922 -
Mussolini Threatens to March to Rome
Who: Mussolini/Fascist Party
What: A fascist march to Rome as well as capturing strategic local places throughout Italy.
Where: Italy
Why:Discontent and fear over a socialist revolution. Italy was disappointed from WWI gain and allowed Mussolini to rise in power. Fascists went to Rome to protest and forced Victor Emmanuel to comply over fear of civil war. Allowed fascist party to grow in power.
https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Rome -
Period: to
Hitler Attempts to Overthrow the Wiemar Government(Beer Hall Putsch)
Where: Bavaria Germany (southern state)
Who: Adolf Hitler, German Workers Party
Hitler staged the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed attempt to takeover the Bavarian Government. Made this plan because of discontent with the Treaty of Versailles(Reparations). Consisted of Kidnapping Gustav Von Kahr(Commissioner) as well as two other politicians. Failed because Hitler left the hall early and gave his plan away to police.
https://www.history.com/topics/germany/beer-hall-putsch -
Hitler goes to prison and writes Mein Kampf
Who: Adolf Hitler
What: Hitler was arrested for High Treason,and trying to overthrow the government. He was tried on February 26th 1924, and was sentenced to 5 years in the Landsberg Prison. His popularity grew during this time because his defense speeches. He served only a year and received a pardon. Wrote Mein Kampf which was his autobiography/plans
Why:trying to overthrow government nights previously
Where: Southern Germany
https://www.history.com/topics/germany/beer-hall-putsch#section_3 -
Kellogg Briand Pact
Who:France(Aristide Briand) U.S.(Frank B. Kellogg)
What:Signed an agreement to renounce war in an attempt to reduce aggression and outlaw war.
When:Aug. 27,1928
Where:France
Why: To attempt to go against a possible resurgence of German aggression as well as outlaw and renounce any future war.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Kellogg-Briand-Pact -
Hitler merges offices chancellor & president
Adolf Hitler, who was already Chancellor got elected as president of Germany, due to the death of President Von Hindenburg. After the Death of the President, Hitler continued to purge Brownshirts (Storm Troopers), The head of which, Ernst Rohm, started opposing the Nazi Party’s scare tactics. Hitler had Reom executed without trial, and this the army and others in the country to urge Hitler to consolidate his power by merging offices. -
Japan occupies Manchuria, China
In Manchuria, Japan invaded and occupied Manchuria, for land and natural resources without the declaration of war. Japan was highly developed in industry, but had scarce natural resources. So Japan Turned to Manchuria for natural resources such as oil, lumber, etc. Japan was in a depression, and their economy was in terrible condition, Including the problem over population.By 1931, Japan had invested in the Economy of Manchuria and controlled the South Manchuria Railroad Company. -
Hitler and Nazi Germany gain Sudetenland
The Munich Agreement was signed between Germany, France, and Britain granted Germany Sudetenland. Sudetenland was taken from Germany and Austro-Hungary and given to Czechoslovakia due to the Treaty of Versailles. Adolf Hitler Came to power & he Promised to “rip up” what the Treaty had done. Hitler wanted the land, and prime minister of Great Britain and hitler met 3 times, to come to an agreement to avoid war. Hitler was given the land so he did not invade the rest of Czechoslovakia. -
Geneva Disarmament Conference
Who:Sixty Countries
What:Went to a conference to discuss reductions in armaments, and offensive weapons. Germany demanded that states were to disarmed to German levels, but the countries refused. France argued that security must precede disarmament. Called for security guarantees/national police.
When:February 1932.
Where: Geneva
Why:It was an attempt to reduce armaments and offensive weapons. An attempt to stop or reduce the impact of any further war.
https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11592/ -
Hitler places second in German national elections for president
Hitler came in second in the Presidential election and the runoff election. -
Germany Withdraws from League of Nations
Who:Adolf Hitler/Germany
What:Withdrew from the League of Nations
When:October 1933
Where:Germany(Germany was the one withdrawing no real location)
Why:Germany wanted military parity in which the league of nations refused. Therefore, they left the league of nations. Their departure was followed by lots of expansion in military. Because they were no longer in the League of Nations, no longer were they under the League of Nation’s rules.
https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11598/ -
President von Hindenburg dies
Who: President Von Hindenburg
What: President Von Hindenburg Dies as the president allowing Adolf Hitler to become President.
Where: Ogrodzieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Why: President Von Hindenburg died from lung cancer at Ogrodzieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Editors, History.com. “President of the Weimar Republic Hindenburg Dies.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 5 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-of-the-weimar-republic-hindenburg-dies. -
Mussolini Invades Ethiopia
Who: Mussolini/Italians
What:Invaded and won a battle against the Ethiopian Army.
Where:Italy/Ethiopia
Why:Italy had been unsuccessful to conquer Ethiopia, which was an independent African State, in the past. Used a border incident as an excuse to attack. Overpowered the Ethiopian Army and won the battle. Named Victor Emmanuel III as emperor. League of Nations condemned these actions but nothing happened due to lack of support.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Italo-Ethiopian-War-1935-1936 -
Great Depression ends in Germany
Hitler's economic minister forbids the sending of money out of Germany. reduced foreign trade largely to barter agreements and put strict limits on imports – all to keep wealth within the country.In 1935 compulsory labor service was also introduced and also lowered unemployment.Wages were able to stay low, and prices were stable. this was an economic event. -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
When: March 7, 1936
Who: Germany Party- NAZI
Where: Rhineland
What: Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops to Rhineland a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River.
Why: Expansion
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-reoccupies-the-rhineland -
Italy Withdraws from the League of Nations
Who:Italy/Mussolini
What:Left the league of Nations
When:1937
Where:Germany(As Hitler put on a military for Mussolini, convincing him to be an ally)/Italy?
Why:The league had imposed economic sanctions on Italy which the Italians disagreed with. Became an alliance with germany due to their military power.
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/italy-1900-to-1939/italy-and-germany-1936-to-1940/ -
Hitler and Nazi Germany annex Austria
German troops marched into Austria to annex the German-speaking nation for the Third Reich. Austrian Nazi’s wanted to unite Austria and Germany into one nation, Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg met with Hitler in the hopes of reasserting his country’s independence but was instead bullied into placing several top Austrian Nazis to his cabinet. Schuschnigg tried to get-independence, but finally gave into Hitler’s pressure and pleaded with Austrian forces to not resist Nazi invasion. -
Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia
Who: Germans/Nazi Party vs Czechoslovakia
Why/What: Hitler, who is head of the Nazi Party invaded Czechoslovakia after French and British leaders signed the Munich Pact, which handed it over to Germany. Was done so peacefully. This agreement was supposed to give Hitler and soldiers the Sudetenland. It also gave the Nazi Party 66% of their coal and other natural resources. Left Czech nation very vlunerable to Germany.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nazis-take-czechoslovakia -
Period: to
Germany Invades Poland
Who: Poland and Germany
What: invasion of Poland for their territory, to hitler this space would be living quarters for German Troops/people
Why: to gain territory, this was during the period of time Germany looked to expand starting in Annexation, moving into Poland. Hitler claimed it was a defensive action but Britain and France did not believe that, which was why on September 3 of 1939, war was declared on Germany.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-invade-poland. -
Britain and France declare war on Germany
When: September 3, 1939
Who: Britain, and France declared war on Germany (Hitler)
Why: Germany invaded Poland, so they broke allies
What: Declared war, leading to the start of World War II
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/britain-and-france-declare-war-on-germany -
Japan, Italy, and Germany sign the Tripartite Pact
Who:Germany, Italy and Japan
What:Sign the tripartite pact that provides any mutual assistance should any of the countries signing be attack by a nation not already in the war.
Where:Berlin
Why:Signed for protection against any country not already in the work. Aimed directly at the United States who were neutral, and was an attempt to discourage the U.S. from attacking the side of the Allies.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-tripartite-pact-is-signed-by-germany-italy-and-japan -
France Surrenders and is occupied by Nazi Germany
France signed an Armistice with Nazi Germany six weeks after the Nazi’s launched their invasion of Western Europe. This event took place where Hitler insisted on the Armistice being signed, in the Compiegne Forest, in a railroad dining car, 22 years earlier Germany had been forced to sign. The Nazi's invaded Belgium to get to France and conquer.
