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The Constitution does not guarantee public education. Education is not apart of the US Constitution. Massachusetts was the first state to pass a compulsory attendance law. By 1918 all states had compulsory attendance laws in place. Compulsory attendance is the requirement that children ages 6-18 attend school. -
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that students with disabilities could be expelled from public school. In 1919 WI Supreme Court ruled that a student with a disability could be excluded from a public school. Other states began to rule that compulsory attendance did not apply to students with disabilities and began enacting statues that authorized school officials to exclude students with disabilities. -
The first White House Conference on Children was held and National attention was focused on children with disabilities to establish programming for these students in public school settings in place of institutional settings. Segregated classes and supportive services in public schools were created. Many organizations formed advocacy groups. Important advocacy groups that were started were The National Association for Retarded Citizens and The Council for Exceptional Children. -
Educational laws were changed due to the Brown v. Board of Education case. The case set precedents for change in school policies for students w/disabilities. Segregation practices in public schools were deemed to deny students equal educational opportunities. Parents were able to advocate for their children stating students w/disabilities had the same rights as students w/out disabilities. Courts judged that students with disabilities being excluded from public education was unconstitutional. -
A comprehensive plan was created to address the inequality of educational opportunities for economically underprivileged children. ESEA was passed and signed by president Johnson. The federal government provided funding to states to assist in educating disadvantaged students including SwD. A federal agency was created to coordinate federal efforts for SwD, categorical funding was increased, and courts and state legislatures were enforcing educating students with disabilities. -
EHA was the first special education law. This law's purpose was to expand, consolidate, and continue to fund federal grants and pilot programs at state an local levels. States were provided funding for programs and projects for students with disabilities. Funds were also given to higher education institutions for programming to train teachers of SwD. Funding for technical assistance through regional resource centers to assist state and local school districts was also provided. -
Section 504 was the first federal civil rights law to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination against individuals with a disability from any federally funded agency. These agencies must provide modifications and accommodations to provide services to students with disabilities that are comparable to students without disabilities. They must provide compliance and correct any violations that are found. -
Gerald Ford signed into the law EAHCA to increase the role of federal government in special education. EAHCA required states to provide a free and appropriate education to all students w/disabilities ages 3-21. All students have the right to nondiscriminatory testing, evaluation and placement procedures, to be educated in the least restrictive environments, parental involvement in procedural due process, free education, and appropriate education in the form of an IEP. SEAs and LEAs formed. -
Attorney fees were able to be awarded to parents and guardians if they were successful in their actions when pursuing the law. B-3 programming to provide early intervention services for families of infants and toddlers with disabilities by statewide agencies was developed. Services were put into place to meet infant and toddler physical, cognitive, communication, social or emotional, and adaptive needs in natural environments. Services then continue ages 3-5 in an early childhood setting. -
EAHCA was renamed IDEA. "Disability" was substituted for the word "handicapped"; people first language was used. Autism and TBI were added as disability categories.There is clarification of related, rehab services and assistive tech. Transition planning was implemented. No Child Left Behind Act, The President's Commission for Excellence in Special Education, and the IDEA Improvement Act of 2004 were all implemented to increase accountability, improve special education and student achievement.