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National College for the Deaf & Dumb
The college started as a grammar school for the deaf and dumb. Then, Abraham Lincoln signed the bill by Congress that they could give out college degrees. It became the first college for the deaf and dumb. The first class had only eight students. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Brown & her sister had to walk a dangerous path to get to the bus stop for their all black school. There was a school closer for white students. Her family fought in court for their children's right to Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. They lost & then took it to the Supreme Court & won.
http://landmarkcases.org/en/landmark/cases/brown_v_board_of_education#Tab=Overview -
The Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This was part of President Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty." Money from the federal education money was set aside to help children in poverty. The state government administered the funding. The free & reduced lunch system came from this Act. -
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The outcome was that the State had to provide free public education for all children between 6 & 21. They had to provide education for "exceptional" children like their peers. No child with disabilities could be denied access to any free public education or training. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA)
It defines a handicapped person. It also defines appropriate education. Furthermore, it prohibits discrimination against students with disabilities. -
Educational Amendments Act
This Act is an amendment to the ESEA. It is the first federal funding of state programs for students who are gifted & talented. It grants families due process in special education placement. -
Honig v. Doe
Supreme Court ruled California had violated the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). Students with emotional &/or behavior problems who have academic & social problems cannot be expelled for behaviors related to their disability. Suspension is allowed, but not more than 10 days. This should be a time to readdress their IEP. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wI1uZ4ECnv8 -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
President Bush passed it. It was an update to the ESEA. It provided educational assistance to children living in poverty. In exchange, academic progress had to be achieved. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA or IDEA 2004)
It was a revision of Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1997 (IDEA 97). It is.a federal legislation. It ensures children with disabilities are granted a free appropriate education (FAPE) & in the least restrictive environment (LRE). -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
It replaces the NCLB. It is the same but additional opportunity for schools where students are not making adequate progress. It shifts accountability from federal to state and local control for progress monitoring and sanctions determined.
