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American School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf (ASD) was first established on April 15, 1817. It was founded in West Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. This was the first school established for students with exceptionalities anywhere within the U.S.A. They provide comprehensive educational programs for students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. -
Council for Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) became the first group to advocate for students with disabilities. The CEC is a professional association of educators who are dedicated to promoting success. They do this through acts of advocacy and standards. Fighting for what they believe is right by challenging laws that do not deem acceptable for students with disabilities. https://exceptionalchildren.org/ -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka occurred in 1954 when the Supreme Court anonymously voted that racial segregation in public schools between children was unconstitutional. This was a landmark decision in the U.S.A during the Civil Rights Movement. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The ESEA also known as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was established in 1965 by President Johnson. This act resulted in the beginning of providing federal funding to primary and secondary education. These funds went towards instructional material, resources to support educational programs, and professional development. As well as equal access to education, aiming to diminish achievement gaps for students from impoverished homes. -
Free Appropriate Public Education
The Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) is an educational right for all students in the U.S.A that was guaranteed by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the IDEA Act. FAPE requires all schools to provide students with disabilities a special education. Their purpose is to provide students and those including specialized instruction with an education designed to prepare the students for further education, employment, and independent living. -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Section 504
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a civil rights law that bans disability discrimination. The law removes any obstruction for students with any disabilities within the K-12 general education setting. This law not only protects children, but adults as well. -
EAHCA
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was passed by Congress in 1975. This provided a least restrictive environment for those students with disabilities requiring the schools to evaluate children with disabilities to create an educational plan similar to those who are no disabled. It also allowed all public schools to accept any federal funding to provide equal access of education for children with physical and mental disability. -
Honig v. Doe
In 1988, a California School Board violated the IDEA act suspending a student for proceeding with violent and disruptive behavior that was related to the students disability. The Supreme Court ruled that students may not face any "disciplinary removal" from school if a student acts out on a behavior that has directly resulted from their disability. Allowing the student to not be punished for a behavior they cannot act upon. -
IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was established on October 30, 1990. This act was put in to replace the EAHCA. The IDEA's Act purpose is to provide more focus on the individual student rather than the whole condition combined. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) replaced the name for the ESEA in 2001 by President George W. Bush. This act included Title 1 schools to provide children with disabilities to benefit. This law is intended for K-12 students attending general education within the United States. This law also supports the standard-based education reform based on implying high standards to improve individual educational outcome.
