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Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Decades ago, children with special needs were denied the right to attend public schools. In Pennsylvania the state law allowed all public schools to deny educational rights to children that were behind in mental age. Until 1971, when the seminal lawsuit Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania case guaranteed special education for children with intellectual disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
As a result of Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia in 1972, the court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if they cannot afford it. This case concluded that all children are to have access to a free public education including the services they need to aide their disability. this case established to special education to children of all disabilities. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA)
The Vocational Rehabilitation act of 1973 approves grants to states for vocational rehabilitation services and other services having to do with supported employment, assistance, and independent living. the VRA includes a separate set of laws that focus of the rights, advocacy, and protections for people with disabilities. The Vocational Rehabilitation act defined handicapped person and appropriate education, and prohibits discrimination in federally funded programs. -
Educational Amendments Act
In 1974, President Gerald Ford signed into law the Educational Amendments act facilitating increased federal spending for the education of children with disabilities (handicapped children). This act prohibited discrimination against handicapped children when applying for and receiving federal aide for their education. The Educational Amendments Act of 1974 ensured state funding for students with disabilities and students who are gifted , talented, due process rights for students and families. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
The Education for al Handicapped Children Act of 1975 was enacted by congress in order to grant support to states in protecting the rights of children with disabilities and their families. this act serves to meet the individual needs of children who struggle with special needs by requiring all public schools to accept federal funds in order to ensure that all children with physical and mental disabilities have equal access to an education. -
Board of Education of Hendricks Hudson Central School v. Rowley
The Board of Education of Hendricks Hudson Central School v. Rowley was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with providing special services for children with disabilities within schools. This case involved a deaf student the name of Amy Rowley whose school denied her the right to a sign language interpreter. This supreme court case clarified the definition of FAPE: Free Appropriate Public Education by ensuring the right for students to be provided with free special needs services. -
Honing v. Doe
The Honing v. Doe case of 1988 was a United States Supreme Court case that brought to light a violation of the EAHCA in a California public school. The California school board violated this act when unfairly suspending a student for violent behavior directly caused by their disability. This case concluded that schools cannot expel students for behaviors related to their disability. -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F. was a case concerning the financial responsibility of the physical needs regarding the healthcare of a student named garret F. that attended Cedar Rapids. The students needed a wheelchair and was dependent upon a ventilator yet the school district declined to accept financial responsibility for the child's physical needs. this case concluded that students must receive the supplemental services needed to attend school. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The No Child Left Behind Act was designed to hold states and schools more accountable for student progress by providing testing for students through grades 3-8 and once in highschool. This act also ensures the credibility of their teachers. The NCLB ensured that no child is trapped in failing school by providing greater flexibility for states, school districts, and schools. -
Winkleman v. Parma City School District
Parents may file sit under IDEA pro se claims on their behalf, independent of their child's rights.
