-
This Supreme Court case ended racial segregation in public schools. It ruled that “separate but equal” was unconstitutional. This landmark decision laid the groundwork for inclusive education and civil rights protections in schools.
-
Head Start began as part of President Lyndon Johnson’s “War on Poverty.” It provides early education, health, and family services to low-income children and families, helping close opportunity gaps before kindergarten. Please Watch this videos : https://headstart.gov/video/history-head-start
-
Section 504 protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in programs that receive federal funding. This includes public schools. It ensures access to accommodations and support services. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/civil-rights-center/statutes/section-504-rehabilitation-act-of-1973
-
Also known as Public Law 94-142, this law guaranteed a free appropriate public education for children with disabilities. It introduced the concept of the least restrictive environment (LRE) and was the foundation for IDEA.
-
IDEA reauthorized and expanded previous special education laws. It emphasized inclusion, IEPs, and parental rights. This law made it clear that students with disabilities must be educated with their non-disabled peers whenever possible.
-
The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It applies to schools, workplaces, and public spaces. This law helps ensure that students with disabilities have access to equal education and services.
-
NCLB focused on accountability and testing, aiming to close achievement gaps. It required schools to report the progress of all student groups, including students with disabilities and English learners. It shaped inclusive education policies.
-
This law eliminated the term "mental retardation" from federal language, replacing it with the more respectful phrase "intellectual disability." It’s a powerful example of how language shapes inclusion and respect in educational settings.
-
The Supreme Court ruled that schools must offer an IEP (Individualized Education Program) that enables a child to make meaningful progress, not just minimal gains. This raised the standard of educational benefit for students with disabilities under IDEA.
-
In June 2025, the Supreme Court made it easier for students to sue schools over inadequate disability accommodations by lowering the standard from “bad faith or gross misjudgment” to “deliberate indifference.” This strengthened protections under ADA and IDEA.