-
Before 1950, any students with exceptionalities were excluded from attending public schools. If a child had a severe disability, they were to stay home or be institutionalized, and if a child had a mild disability, they were likely to drop out of school.
-
For this case, the Supreme Court declared that segregation by race is unconstitutional. While this result didn't explicitly speak of disabled students, it opened the gate for reassessing inclusivity in schools. -
The court reestablished that "free public education for the 'feeble minded'" was not required by the states as they wouldn't be able to reap the benefits of education.
-
With the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the federal government now protects students from low income backgrounds by making the school system more inclusive to them.
Elementary Secondary Education Act -
Their grant program is revised and it now encourages schools to be more inclusive to students with disabilities by creating and improving programs that are targeted to help them. -
It was influential as it challenged exclusion of students with disabilities from public education. -
Originally named "Education for all Handicapped Children Act", with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act now schools must make sure that all children receive "free and appropriate public education", regardless of disability. It states what age range is to benefit from the programs, rights for parents and students, IEPs, and guidelines on how to provide FAPE.
About IDEA -
A student had a tragic accident that left him paralyzed from the knockdown yet his mental health remained the same. The court ruled that he must be provided with services in-classroom at no extra cost to parents.
-
It created a system of accountability for schools to ensure the children were learning through testing, targets and penalties for failing to provide effective teaching that went up to even closing the school. -
In replaces the No Child Left Behind Act by increasing accountability, allowing parents to choose which school they'd like their child to go to if they find the original school unable to provide appropriate services, and provides greater flexibility for states, school districts, and schools. It provided parents more options in case students aren't making progress. -
The Supreme Court states that schools must ensure precise goals for student and a system to measure these goals to track progress and accomplishment and adapt instruction as goals are met. Case Explained