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Landmark court case ruling in which the supreme court of the United States of America ruled that discriminating by race in schools was unconstitutional. This ruling marks the first of many times that the U.S. Government would work towards equality in education among dispossessed or discriminated peoples, and represents a start for a series of laws that would further improve the state of affairs for all students who struggled to receive equal education or access an “ordinary” public school. -
An act passed by the U.S. Government that protects students with disadvantages, and ensures that provisions are set that ensures equal access to schools for all students, including students with disabilities. -
A revision to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act passed five years prior which furthered support and funding for state run programs meant to assist in the education of students with disabilities. While the act does not provide specifics, it did recognize the need for funding in these fields and assisted programs and facilities targeted towards students with disabilities. -
The case was settled with the decision to provide free public education for all children with mental disabilities. This case marks one of the more important cases that form the precedent for following laws regarding free and public education for children with disabilities, including the Education for All Handicapped Children Act which was passed five years after this case’s decision. -
Also known as “The Mainstreaming Act”, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was the start of a major philosophy of including students with disabilities in classes in schools with students without disabilities, as much as could feasibly be done. The extent of this varied from student to student, with some students being placed full-time into classrooms with the mainstream student body, while others with more difficult disabilities were taught in ordinary classrooms as often as possible. -
Further amendments were made to the Education for All Handicapped Children act to provide for younger children with disabilities who are either entering or currently attending preschool or early education. Specifically, early intervention is provided for toddlers, and education is provided for preschoolers with disabilities. -
An act passed by the U.S. Government with intentions to remove discrimination against American citizens with disabilities, with a special focus on the public sector and in employment and service access. This act secures rights for people with disabilities, including students with disabilities as a consequence of its far reach. An important milestone in the ADA is that it also focuses on inclusion of students with disabilities in private schools as well as public schools.
https://www.ada.gov -
IDEA is a far-reaching and varied act that touches upon nearly every aspect of inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools, and includes an expansion on the definition of disabilities to include autism and traumatic brain injuries, as well as expanding the services provided to persons with disabilities to prepare them for life outside of the education system, as well as offering transitionary services for students facing adulthood.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was expanded upon in 1997 to include a farther reach and to provide a greater focus on accountability. The act makes provisions for including behavioral management for students, as well as making sure that schools have responsibility in the education of students with disabilities. Students with disabilities now take part in standardized testing, and communications between general education teachers and special education teachers is reenforced. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act makes further changes to the previous revision of IDEA, and major changes include increasing funding for early intervention and clearance for response-to-intervention as a way of analyzing whether or not students may have a disability.