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American School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf id founded in Hartford, Connecticut. This was the first school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere -
Plessy V. Ferguson
During this case the Supreme Court ordered that it was legal to separate humans as long each group had equal rights. Unfortunately, we all learn that separate is not equal, but this ruling lead to many advances for minorities and that includes special education. -
CEC Advocacy Group
The Council for Exceptional Children is an organization that is considered the first advocacy group for children with disabilities. The group came around in 1922 out of New York City at Columbia University. CEC is one of the largest special education advocacy groups. The main objective of CEC is to ensure that children with special needs receives FAPE. https://www.cec.sped.org/ -
National Association for Retarded Citizens
The National Association for Retarded Citizens came about. NARC was formed by 23 individual advocacy groups that had the same belief so they came together as one. During the passing of IDEA, the NARC consisted of over 200,000 members. NARC helped with litigation and making sure that all parts of the judicial process were met. https://www.thearc.org/ -
Brown V. The Board of Education
During Brown V. The Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that "Separate is NOT equal". This court case brought to attention not only black v. white in the schools, but also special needs students v. normal students. With this case, many advocacy groups were formed to help inform the nation of the problem with the US special education programs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ -
First Center for Independent Living Opens
This center was made at UC Berkley by Ed Roberts to support the needs of individuals with disabilities so they can live independently and away from nursing homes and other institutions. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilition Act
This act allows protection from discrimination against special needs and disabilities. This law is considered the first law put into place giving protection to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE. A student is eligible when they have a mental or physical disability that deters their learning ability. -
The Education for all Handicapped Children Act
This law made sure the handicapped children had the basic rights, ideals, and responsibilities that all members of education had. This act made sure that students with disabilities could not be excluded from public school and got the appropriate services needed. -
PL 94-142
The PL 94-142- The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was placed into law. Special education advocacy groups rejoiced this day because that's when President Ford signed this into law. This is the most important piece of legislation signed because it secured a free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990 by President George W. Bush. This act guarantees that people with special needs have the same rights as others in all places. This included school and work. This act also ruled that people with special needs would not be discriminated against in the school, workforce, or everyday society such as public transportation. -
IDEA
The individuals with disabilities education act was signed into law almost thirty years after PL 94-142 by President George W. Bush. This law included 6 pillars: FAPE, LRE, IEP, evaluation, parent/student participation, and procedural safeguards for all participants. This law also included 4 sections, A-D. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
No Child Left Behind was signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2002. This law calls for all students to be proficient in math and reading by the year 2014. This law has been seen both negatively and positively. Some states are even partitioning to opt out of NCLB. Schools are supposed to report their scores for the AYP, some have been proven to have cheated, while others are honest on whether or not their school district is proficient or not. -
IDEA Reauthorized
IDEA 2004 was signed into law by President George W. Bush. This re authorization of IDEA made many changes to the original IDEA. The changes included the IEP, due process, and student discipline.
