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First federal law past concerning the care of persons with disabilities.
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Rhode Island opened the first public special education class in the U.S.
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A popular textbook stated that control and confinement of people with disabilities was necessary to protect society.
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The concept of “normalization,” or mainstreaming, takes root in Denmark. Bengt Nirje.
https://www.thetcj.org/child-care-history-policy/the-normalization-principle-and-its-human-management-implications-by-bengt-nirje -
It was determined that it was unconstitutional for educational institutions to segregate children by race.
https://youtu.be/TTGHLdr-iak -
President Kennedy formed the President's Panel on Mental Retardation. Because of the success of parent advocacy, many states poured money into building new and larger state institutions to meet the increasing demand for services. Between 1964 and 1968, $67,500,000 was allocated for new construction. New buildings were designed to take advantage of discoveries in medicine and operational efficiency.
https://youtu.be/QyfCdOo7ft4 -
Inspired by the broader Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s, people with disabilities and their families ushered in an era of self-advocacy and protest.
https://youtu.be/6x0l_vkjozc -
ESEA called for equal access to education for all students as well as federal funding for primary and secondary education for students disadvantaged by property.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) -
The first International Special Olympics Games were held in Chicago in 1968. Anne McGlone Burke, a physical education teacher with the Chicago Park District, began with the idea for a one-time Olympic-style athletic competition for people with special needs. Burke then approached Eunice Kennedy Shriver, head of the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, to fund the event. More than 1,000 athletes from across the United States and Canada participated.
https://youtu.be/yT55ffCojD0 -
The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation.
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This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny these individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunities.
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Congress set out to uncover how many children with disabilities with special education needs were being underserved. It was found that 8 million children required special education services.
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All states that accepted money from the federal government were required to provide equal access to education for children with disabilities. All states are required comply with the law within all public school systems.
https://youtu.be/3XMndYNEGFA -
Amendments made to the All Children Handicapped Children Act. All states are mandated to provide services to families of children born with disabilities from birth.
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This act gave parents the ability to participate in the IEP process
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Changes to Public Law 94-142, Education of All Handicapped Children Act. Traumatic brain injury and autism were added as disabilities. Congress also mandated that in addition to an IEP, a transition plan must be developed to post-secondary education.
http://www.neaccy.org/resources/pl-101-476/
https://youtu.be/3XMndYNEGFA -
President Clinton reauthorized IDEA with key amendments. Students with disabilities now have access to the same curriculum.
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Greater accountability and improved educational outcomes became the rule. Raised the standards for special education teachers. Disability Categories added.
https://youtu.be/VBPEQyobakA
