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The Connecticut Asylum for the Education of Deaf and Dumb persons was the first school for deaf Americans, in Hartford, Connecticut. At that moment, the word “dumb” meant only “unable to speak.”
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The first public schools opened in America in the 1630’s. However, the first formal training for teachers would not begin until almost 200 years later. The state of Massachusetts followed with a government-funded public normal school in 1839.
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The early investigations of giftedness in the 1920’s developed from exploring on subnormal children, mental inheritance, development of instruments to measure both the sub and supernormal, and the acknowledgment that reviewed schools could not adequately address the issues of all children.
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In 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a landmark civil rights decision in Brown v. Board of Education. In Brown, school children from four states argued that segregated public schools were inherently unequal and deprived them of equal protection of the laws.
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In 1857, one hundred educators answered a national call to unite as one voice in the cause of public education. At the time, learning to read and write was a luxury for most children—and a crime for many Black children.
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ESEA authorizes state-run programs for eligible schools and districts eager to raise the academic achievement of struggling learners and address the complex challenges that arise for students who live with a disability, mobility problems, learning difficulties, poverty, or transience, or who need to learn English.
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This act required every single public school accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to assess disabled children and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as conceivable as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities.
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On June 4, 1997, President William J. Clinton signed the bill reauthorizing and amending the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The bill became Public Law 105-17, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997.
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The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education.
