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Special Education
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1773-First hospital for people with mental disabilities-Virginia
The "Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds" was the first building in North America devoted solely to the treatment of the mentally ill. The first patient was admitted October 12, 1773. -
1800’s-Perkins Institute for the Blind-Mass.
The rich history of Perkins began with its founding over 180 years ago as the first school for the blind in the United States. Within a few short years, Perkins became known for its effective instructional techniques, including teaching Laura Bridgman, the first known deafblind person to be educated. Later, Anne Sullivan brought Helen Keller to Perkins. Keller spent her life breaking down barriers and perceptions about what people who are blind or deafblind can accomplish. -
Rise of Asylums-Dorothea Dix (1802-87)
U.S. social reformer on behalf of the mentally ill. She opened a school for girls in Boston in 1821, and in 1841 she began teaching Sunday school in a jail, where she was distressed to see the mentally ill imprisoned with criminals. Through her work, special mental hospitals were built in 15 states and in Canada. -
1817-Thomas Gallaudet-American Asylum for the Deaf (ASL)
In 1817, Gallaudet founded the nation's first school for the deaf. It was called American Asylum and was located in Hartford, Connecticut. Clerc was the first sign language teacher in America. Though the students used Gallaudet's form of sign language, him and Clerc also noticed that they used another form of sign language outside of the classroom. Gallaudet realized that this was there "natural language," and it was free of all grammar and shortened sentences down to key phrases. This "natural -
1905 Dr. Alfred Binet-identify “slow” or “retarded” children-IQ test
In the period from 1905 to 1908 the French psychologists Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon devised a series of tests whereby the intellectual capacity of the subject is estimated by comparison with that of normal children and adolescents of various ages. The mental age divided by the chronological age gives the so-called IQ, or intelligence quotient. Their formula stated that children under nine whose development is retarded by two ye -
1927 Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court and Buck v. Bell
"Three Generations, No Imbeciles" is a chronicle of the 1927 Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell, which approved laws allowing states to perform surgery in order to prevent "feebleminded and socially inadequate" people from having children.The Buck case was the first and only time in Supreme Court history that an intrusive medical procedure - involuntary sterilization - was endorsed as a tool of government eugenic policy. It is doubly notorious for the court's decision, written by renowned Justice O -
1933 Franklin D. Rooservelt-32nd President-physical disability
The Franklin D. Roosevelt Disability Rights Award was named in his honor to reflect the contributions of the 32nd president of the United States. Roosevelt’s disability exemplifies that physical disabilities hold no barriers to achievement. -
1975-Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
Free, appropriate public education (FAPE) for children ages 6 -- 18 (including 19 -- 21 after 1980) and related services, Individualized education plan (IEP), Least restrictive environment (LRE) Assessment and identification services in place
Procedural safeguards to protect the rights of parents, child, and school, Parental rights and due process, nondiscriminatory and multidisciplinary assessments, and
zero-exclusion principle
Disability categories: mental retardation, orthopedic impairment, -
1990-Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Passed by Congress in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. -
2001-Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Education Act-No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
ESEA became known as NCLB after Congress passed and President Bush signed into law revisions which included changes to the accountability system and teacher quality, among many other issues.
