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Max Weber and Bureaucracy
Max Weber is responsible for making the term Bureaucracy popular. He believed that in order for a company to work at it's best there needs to be a specific set of leaders and regulations to follow. -
Creation of Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor introduced scientific management to the world; the process of placing people in positions in which they excell to boost overall efficiency. This system was s business standard by 1910. -
Publication of Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor publishes his first book entitled Principles of Scientific Management -
Fordism
Henry Ford introduced the assembly line to his factories which upped producton and efficieny. He offered his employees shorter business days and higher pay, but was very controlling over them. -
Behavioral Management Theory
The "mother of management" believed that managers should connect with their employees on a personal level to motivate and encourage them to work at a more efficient pace. -
The Principles of Management
Henri Fayol publishes the 14 Principles of Managment; one of the most influencial pieces to contribute to modern day management. -
Creation of the Gantt Chart
Henry Louis Gantt created the Gantt Chart which illustrates a project schedule. The Gantt Chart gave new controls over manufacturing processes. -
The Gilbreths and Time-and-Motion Study
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the physical actions and processes performed in the workplace, and how to reconstuct them in order to reduce fatigue and increase efficiency. -
The Hawthorne Studies
Experiments were performed at an electric company outside of Chicago on it's workers to test different levels of efficiency in different working conditions. The end result was that having a supervisor constantly present made the workers more attentive and efficient. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
This act was created during the Great Depression. It limited the work week to 40 hours with time-and-a-half pay for any hours worked after. It also established a minimum wage so that workers were not living in poverty. -
Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor proposed two ideas of how managers think and behave in organizations. Theory X implies that workers need constant direction to work at their full potential because they are lazy and don't want to be there. Theory Y states that workers do not need much direction and that they accept the responsibilities they had been given. -
Open System Theory
Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson saw the workplace as an open system; a system that takes resources from the external environment, and converts them into goods and services that are sent back to their environment for purchase by customers. -
Contingency Theory
Developed by Tom Burns, G.M. Stalker, Paul Lawrence, and Jay Lorsch this theory states that there is no one best way to organize. The organizational method that companies choose deoend on the external environment.