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Charles Spearman created the General Intelligence Theory. His model is considered to be the first theory of intelligence.
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Alfred Binet, Victor Henri, and Theodore Simon worked together to creat the Binet-Simon Test for the french government in order to help decide which students were more likely having difficulty in school. Since all children in France were required to go to school, this test helped identify which ones need special education.
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He was the first to translate the Binet intelligence test into English in 1908 and distributing an estimated 22,000 copies of the translated test across the United States and was the leading advocate for the use of intelligence testing in societal institutions including hospitals, schools, the legal system and the military.
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He was the inventor of the concept of the intelligence quotient, or IQ, later used by Lewis Terman and other researchers in the development of the first IQ tests, based on the work of Alfred Binet.
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Terman promoted his test, known colloquially as the "Stanford-Binet" test, as an aid for the classification of developmentally disabled children.
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During World War I a way was needed to evaluate and assign recruits which led to the rapid development of several mental tests.
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He argued for a model of intelligence that included seven unrelated factors (verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, reasoning, and induction).
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Spearman's most notable contribution to intelligence testing is the idea that all aspects of intelligence, to a certain extent, are correlated with each other and he believed that only two factors are measured by intelligence tests, a general intelligence factor common to all tests and a specific factor that is distinctive in each test
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Thought that certain parts of intelligence were essential to ones success in life.
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Wechsler came up with scales that related to the test takers age, this is so it would eliminate bias. The scale was based off of 100.
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He introduced "Emotional Intelligence." Emotional intelligence was the intelligence that looked at one's pain, fear, and desires.
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One may be familiar with today's intelligence tests: the ACT and SAT. These are taken before going to college to determine one's intellectual ability.
