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London Exposition
More than 10,000 visitorys received an assessment of their "intellectual strengths" by Francis Galton. The test was inacurate. -
Alfred Binet
France's minister of public education commissions Alfred Binet and others to devise a method to objectively discover kids with special needs in education. -
Stanford-Binet Test
After Binet's death, Lewis Terman adapts Alfred Binet's test to use on California schoolchildren. -
William Stern
William Stern proposes a method of scoring children's intelligence tests. He calculates what he called a Intelligenz-Quotient score, or IQ, as the quotient of the mental age (the age group which scored such a result on average) of the test-taker and the chronological age of the test-taker, multiplied by 100. -
Army Alpha and Beta tests
The Army uses inacurate tests to determine the intelligence of their troops. -
Edward Thorndike
Edward Thorndike creates the concept of social intelligence. -
Wechsler-Bellevue Test
Wechsler creates a new test that relies less on verbal ability. -
Raymond Cattell
Raymond Cattell proposes two types of cognitive abilities in a revision of Spearman's concept of general intelligence. He proposes fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. -
Structure of Intelligence
J.P. Guilford created the Structure of Intelligence, which states: an individual's performance on intelligence tests can be traced back to the underlying mental abilities or factors of intelligence. His SI theory comprises up to 150 different intellectual abilities organized along three dimensions—Operations, Content, and Products. -
Howard Gardner
Howard Gardner publishes "Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences". -
John B. Carroll
John B. Carroll publishes "Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies", which outlines his hierarchical, Three-Stratum Theory of cognitive abilities. -
PASS theory
Alexander Luria's earlier work on neuropsychological processes lead to the PASS theory. It argues that only looking at one general factor is inadequate for researchers and clinicians who work with learning disabilities, attention disorders, mental retardation, and interventions for such disabilities. -
Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory
The theory model is expanded by McGrew. There are 9 broad stratum abilities and over 70 narrow abilities below these.
