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Brown vs. Board of Education
In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional. This case laced the groundwork for the inclusion of students with disabilities in a public school setting. Brown vs. Education -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This law protected the rights of students from low social economic backgrounds, and allowed them to receive equal access to public education. -
Diana vs. the State Board of Education
This law established the precedent that students must be tested in their native tongue prior to placement in special education setting. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This case ensured all children, regardless of the presence of disabilities, a free education. It also established the right to a public education in the least restricted environment. -
Mills vs. Board of Education
Children with disabilities could not be denied a public education due to lack of funding. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This act guaranteed that students with disabilities could not be discriminated against by any institution that receives federal funding. It also established section 504 which provides accommodations for students who do not qualify for special education. -
Education for All Handicap Children Act (IDEA)
This act is known as the mainstreaming law, because it mandated that all children should receive education in the least restrictive environment. It also required that all students with disabilities have an Individualized Education Program (IEP). -
Board of Education vs Rowley
FAPE entered the building like Oprah and said, “You get appropriate special education services, and you get special education services to all of the other school age children with disabilities!” -
Education of Handicapped Act Amendments
Children with disabilities at birth through two years are now eligible for special education services. IDEA coverage was expanded to include children ages three through five. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990 (IDEA)
IDEA introduced “people-first language”. It also added the categories of disability of traumatic brain injury and autism. -
Future of Inclusion 2065
Great strides have been made towards inclusion of exceptional children in a general education setting. However, there is always room for improvement and another landmark inclusion court case.
