-
School museums housed visual media, such as films, slides and photographs.The motion picture projector was one of the first media devices used in schools.Visual instruction movement grew, five national professional organizations and five journal publications were established.
-
Radio broadcasting, sound recordings and sound motion picture led to an increase in instructional design. Great Depression in 1929 impacts audio visual instruction movement losing over $50 million. 1920-1930s textbooks on visual instruction were written. 1903s many deemed radio as the medium that would revolutionize education.
-
B.F. Skinner believed learning can be understood, explained, and predicted entirely on the basis of observable events Reference:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (2018). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. -
Critical theory developed from the Frankfurt School theoreticians.
-
World War II psychologists and educators collaborate to conduct research and develop training materials for military services.
-
Psychologists and educators conduct research experiments and develop training materials for military services. Based on the work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs and John Flanagan and many others instructional principles derived from research and theory on instruction, learning and human behavior.
-
Abraham Maslow's work influenced how instructional designers planned to motivate learners and its impact on performance.
-
1952 FCC set aside 242 television channels for educational purposes which triggered the growth of instructional television. Reference:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (2018). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. -
The discovery of instructional technology was the "design and use of messages which control the learning process." Systematic design steps were developed in this era.The current state improved performance through facilitated learning.
-
Benjamin Bloom developed a classification of learning outcomes and objectives, providing an order for cognitive behaviors.
-
In the late 1950s learning theories shift from Behaviorism to cognitive sciences, then later cognitive revolution in the 1970s. Cognitive theories stress the acquisition of knowledge and internal mental structures. References:
Cooper, P. A. (1993). Paradigm Shifts in Designed Instruction: From Behaviorism to Cognitivism to Constructivism. Educational technology, 33(5), 12-19. -
Instructional designers began using computers as a tool to develop instruction and help improve on-the-job performance. Reference:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (2018). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. -
Originally developed for the U.S. Armed Forces the ADDIE model is a systematic approach to design.
-
-
Constructivism is a theory based on observation and scientific study about how people learn. Learners construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences. Reference:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (2018). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. -
-
The human performance improvement movement takes off with an emphasis on on-the-job performance, business results and non-instructional solutions to performance problems. (pg 16).
-
SMART boards were introduced into primary ans secondary schools to encourage interaction between the content displayed and learners.
-
The four component model was developed by Merrienboer
-
Currently trending massive open online courses which require highly self-motivated learners.
-
Rise of social online learning, MOOCs, just-in-time training and informational learning.
